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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is Nuclear Medicine?
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A multi-disciplinary field imaging using radiopharmaceuticals getting diagnostic images of not just anatomy but physiology
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What areas of medicine is nuclear medicine used for?
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Cardiology, Neurology, Oncology, Orthopedics, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Pulmonary and Nephrology
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What is a radioisotope or radiopharaceutical?
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It is a pharmaceutical attached to a radionucllide that emits gamma and sometimes beta radiation used in trace amounts it is tagged for a specific purpose
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What are some of the isotopes used in NM?
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technetium 99m
sodium iodide 123 and 131 gallium 67 indium 111 flourine 18 xenon 133 more--> |
thallium 201 barium 133
strontium 89 yttrium 90 samarium 153 rubidium 82 cobalt 57 cesium 137 |
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What is the device that reads the isotopes to create an image?
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A gamma camera
single, double or variable head |
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What is a planar image?
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A whole body or limited scan that can be either dynamic or static
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What is a SPECT scan?
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A 3D image called single photon emission tomography
can see cross sectional anatomy on transverse, coronal and sagittal planes |
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What is a PET scan?
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positron emission tomography, often used with CT
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What is a flow study?
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It is a series of static images showing the uptake of the radiopharaceutical coming into the anatomy of interest
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What is a whole body scan done for?
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It is a sweep of the whole body for skeletal imaging, tumor localizaton and infectious imaging
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Time studies are done for what systems?
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Gastric
Cardiac Hepatic Urinary |
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A dynamic acquisition or flow study is done primarily for what reasons?
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Skeletal
Cardiac Gastric bleed it demonstrates motion for MUGA, gastric emptying, hepatobiliary studies |
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What are some tests that are done and and other considerations to insure the gamma camera gets the best image
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Intrinsic and extrinsic flood and NCO, Field of view test, spatial resolution with bar phantoms, uniform count density to determine hot and cold spots and source to detector distance
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What are some important organizations that regulate nuclear medicine?
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Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
Department of Environmental Protection Society of Nuclear Medicine American College of Radiology Joint Commission on Accredited Healthcare Organizatons (JCAHO) |
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What is the matrix or resolution done for various images?
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64 x 64, 128 x 128 for dynamic images
256 x 256 for static 512 x 512 for whole body sweep |
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What is a photopeak and how does it relate to the gamma camera window?
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photopeak refers to the output of the isotope (for Tc99m it is 140 keV) so you set a window on your camera to record at that level, give or take 10%
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What is a LEAP collimator and how does it differ from a HIRES one?
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Lower energy all purpose
Higher energy all purpose higher energy has smaller holes |
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What are GEAP, MEAP and HEAP collimators? and what is the difference between them?
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General All Purpose, Medium All Purpose and High Energy All Purpose. As you use higher output isotopes you have to use a corresponding type collimator
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What is the advantage of having dual and variable head cameras, what is the only disadvantage?
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better throughput as you can image faster but single head cameras require less pt movement for seriously ill
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What is a pinhole collimator used for?
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enables you to magnify an image
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Resolution improves when you move the camera closer or further away from patient?
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Closer
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Dynamic motion or flow studies show time/activity curves for what reasons?
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Muga- heart beating (tag RBC)
Gastric Gallbladder Hepatic |
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What scan shows 3D imaging along transverse, coronal and sagittal planes?
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SPECT
what physiological condition is best seen on this scan? |
spondylosis
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What factors are important in quality control when checking camera?
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Field of view-useful field of view
Spatial Resolution-bar phantoms -linearity Uniformity-no hot or cold spots Source to detector distance-closer the better Matrix-size of the "bucket" to record info, smaller bucket for faster dynamic images |
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