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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe nuclear medicine |
Medical specialty Uses small amt of radioactive substance Purpose is to image or treat disease |
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What body systems can be nuclear imaged and why |
•Endocrinology:thyroid •Cardiovascular:perfusion, venography •Genitourinary:renogram, testicular •Pulmonary:perfusion, ventilation •Skeletal:bone scan •Gastrointestinal:liver scan, reflux stud •Tumor: lymphoma |
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Advantages to nuclear imaging |
-Functional -Sensitive -Quantitative -Safe -Minimally invasive -Low radiation -Screening -Follow up |
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Disadvantages to nuclear imaging |
-Not widely available -Give minimal radiation (this sounds like a good thing tho...) -Non-specific -Requires instruments and radiopharmaceuticals -High cost |
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Describe an the ideal raioisotopes |
-Low cost -Available (step 1...) -Half life of 6 hours -Safe -Active chemically -Tc-99 (technetiumm-99) most ideal [Not to be confused with Tech9 :) ] |
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What is the processes of nuclear imaging |
Pt is given radiopharmaceutical chemical Gamma camera detects the radioactivity Images produced |
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What are the insturments used in nuclear medicine |
Planar gamma camera SPECT: single photo emission computed tomography (2D, can be 3D) PET: positron emission tomography Planar gamma camera is 2D while SPECT and PET can be 3D |
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Describe the purpose of SPECT |
Monitor biological activity -Blood flow -Myocardial perfusion Functional brain imaging: important in Alzheimers. Blood flow in the brain is closely associated with brain metabolism |
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What is the purpose of a PET |
-Functional imaging to observe metabolism -3D is achieved with help of CT x-ray scan -Often used in oncology |
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Purpose of PET/CT imaging |
•Metabolicimaging •Positron-emittingradionuclides •Biotracers (C, N, O, F) •Sensitive •Betterimages •Wholebody images |
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Interpreting the colors on nuclear imaging |
Intensity is shown in shades of grey - ;) Black means no activity (zero counts) White is highest count Same image can be displayed in "false color" to show better contrast of the "hot" regions |
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Describe the false color scale |
Converts each level of gray into a shade of color with red the highest activity then yellow, then green, and so on. Blue violet and black a represent low level activity |
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What is the main difference between SPECT and PET |
Type of radiotracer used
SPECT cans measure gamma rays Decay of radiotracers used with pet scans produce small particles called positrons. |
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What are the common nuclear medicine exams |
•Bonescan •KUBsystem –Renalscan & renogram –Testicularscan –Radionuclidecystography (urinary bladder) •Lungscan •Venography |
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Describe a bone scan |
Tc99 absorbed into hydroxyapatite crystal Image 3 hours after injection Full body skeletal view |
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Indications for a bone scan |
-Metastases -Unknown bone pain due to infection or trauma (this sounds like known bone pain...) Avascular necrosis Matabolic Disease |
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Advantages to a bone scan |
Very Sensitive Whole body Eval Low radiation |
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What does KUB stand for |
Kidney, Urinary, Bladder |
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Slide 25 |
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What is a testicular scan used for |
Differential Dx: Testicular torsion vs acute epididymo-orchitis Torsion: Dec flow and uptake Epididymo-orchitis: Inc flow and uptake (inflammation) |
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Describe how a long scan works |
Radioactive compound is inhaled into airspaces of lung. In a normal lung it will distribute to all regions. Radioactive compound injected into vein and travels to the lung tissues in the blood. If there is a blood clot no injected material will reach a region of the lung There is a mismatch of inhaled and injected compounds on the lung scan = pulmonary embolus |
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Indications for a lung scan |
Pulmonary embolism Pulmonary hypertension Right to left shunt -Cardiac shunt where blood flows from R heart to L heart Before thoracic surgery to determine lung function |
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What is the purpose of a venography |
Diagnosis of a DVT -Color Doppler ultrasound -Radionuclide venography -CT/MR veongraphy -Contrast venography ID a vein for use in bypass procedure or dialysis access Assess varicose veins. |
