Nuclear Chemistry

Front 1

Radioactivity was discovered by

Back 1

Henri Becquerel

Front 2

the breakdown of an unstable atomic nucleas with the release of particles and rays

Back 2

Radioactivity

Front 3

Pierre and Marie Curie discovered what 2 new elements?

Back 3

Polonium and Radium

Front 4

has the highest atomic weight in group 2; the least electronegative and the most metallic of its group

Back 4

Radium

Front 5

1) affects the light-sensitive emusion on a photographic film
2) produces an electric charge in the surrounding air
3) produce a fluorescence with certain other compounds
4) their radiations have special physiological effects
5) they undergo radioactive decay

Back 5

Radioactive properties

Front 6

the length of time during which half of a given number of atoms of a radioactive nuclide decays

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Half-life

Front 7

helium nuclei that have been emitted from a radioactive source; contains 2 protons and 2 neutrons and have a double positive charge

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Alpha

Front 8

don't travel very far and are not very penetrating; they are stopped by a sheet of paper or a leyer of skin

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Alpha

Front 9

fast moving electrons formed by the decomposition of a neutron; breaks down into a proton and electron

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Beta

Front 10

much smaller than alpha particles and have half as much charge; much more penetrating but can be stopped by aluminum foil or thin pieces of wood

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Beta

Front 11

electromagnetic radiation; emitted along with alpha or beta radiation

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Gamma

Front 12

have no mass and no electrical charge, so it does not alter the atomic number or mass number; passes through paper, wood, and the human body; can be stopped by several feet of concrete, or several inches of lead

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Gamma

Front 13

the conversion of an atom of another element

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Transmutation

Front 14

elements in the periodic table with atomic numbers above 92

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Transuransim Elements

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the splitting of the nucleus into smaller fragments

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Fission

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when 2 nuclei combine to produce a nucleus of heavier mass

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Fusion

Front 17

a gas-filled metal tube to detect radiation; used to detect beta only

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Geiger Counter

Front 18

uses a phosphor to detect ragiation; can detect all types of radiation

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Scintillation Counter

Front 19

several layers of photographic film covered with black light proof paper encased in a plastic or metal holder; can detect all types

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Film Badge

Front 20

Uses of radioisotopes

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1) Trace fertilizers and herbicides
2) Diagnose diseases
3) Treat cancer
4) Detect gunpowder
5) Detect art forgeries

Front 21

a particle with the mass of an electron but a positive charge

Back 21

Positron