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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the risk factors for CHD?
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DM, HTN, high LDL's, Low HDLs, obesity, smoking
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What is angina?
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chest pain caused by a decreased coronary blood flow
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When does stable angina occur?
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with moderate to prolonged exertion
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How is stable angina relieved?
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rest or nitroglycerin
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When does unstable angina occur?
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at rest or with activity
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What are manifestations of angina?
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chest pain that radiates across the sternum, neck, arms
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How is pain described with angina?
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tight, pressure, constricting, aching, dull and constant
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How is an MI/angina diagnosed?
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12-lead EKG
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What does the ST segment look like with angina?
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ST depression
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For an Inferior MI, ST elevation occurs in which leads?
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II, III, AVF
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This usually causes an Inferior MI.
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Right coronary artery
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Which leads show ST elevation for an Anterior MI?
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VI-V4
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Which vessel is affected in an Anterior MI?
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left anterior descending artery
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What does a thallium scan stress test determine?
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which areas of the heart are receiving inadequate perfusion during stress
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_______ causes the heart to beat faster and more vigorously.
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Dobutamine
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Why is a cardiac cath used?
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to determine the extent and exact location of obstruction of the coronary arteries
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What are pre-procedure interventions for cardiac cath?
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consent, allergies to dye, NPO for 6-8 hours, clean with antiseptic
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How should a client be positioned after a cardiac cath?
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kept flat with affected leg straight for 6-8 hours after procedure
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Which site is checked for bleeding after cardiac cath?
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femoral site
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What should be applied to the insertion site?
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direct pressure for up to 2 hours
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This provides structure to open artery and maintain it long-term.
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PCTA
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What is the cornerstone for lab studies in diagnosing cardiac damage?
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troponin
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How long does Troponin I stay elevated?
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5-7 days
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How long does Troponin T stay elevated?
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14-21 days
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What are the 3 isoenzymes of CPK?
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MB-heart
BB-brain MM-skeletal |
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What is the most specific isoenzyme for assessing cardiac damage?
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CPK-MB
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How is Nitroglycerin managed in a cardiac patient?
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titrate to pain and systolic BP of >90
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Why is Morphine used for MI/angina?
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decrease anxiety
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For best results when should thrombolytics be administered once a patient experiences chest pain/MI?
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within 30 minutes
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What is a major side effect of thrombolytics?
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bleeding
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