Nu 554 Sacred Heart Cv

Front 1

Occupies most of anterior cardiac surface

Back 1

right ventricle

Front 2

location of PMI

Back 2

left ventricle

Front 3

found in the 5th interspace 7-9cm lateral to midsternal line

Back 3

PMI

Front 4

PMI greater than 2.5 cm may be indicative of this disease

Back 4

LVH

Front 5

may feel PMI in xiphoide or epigrastic area

Back 5

RVH

Front 6

atrioventricular valves

Back 6

tricuspid and mitral

Front 7

semilunar valves

Back 7

aortic and pulmonic

Front 8

ventricular contraction

Back 8

systole

Front 9

ventricular relaxation

Back 9

diastole

Front 10

aortic valve open and mitral valve closed

Back 10

systole

Front 11

closing of mitral valve

Back 11

S1

Front 12

closing of aortic valve

Back 12

S2

Front 13

S3 may be normal in this group

Back 13

children and young adults

Front 14

mitral valve murmurs heard best here

Back 14

cardiac apex

Front 15

tricusid murmurs heard best here

Back 15

lower left sternal border

Front 16

location of sinus node

Back 16

right atrium

Front 17

Heart rate x stroke volume

Back 17

cardiac output

Front 18

causes of increased preload

Back 18

inspiration, exercise, dilated right ventricle in heart failure

Front 19

pulse pressure

Back 19

difference between systolic and diastolic pressures

Front 20

blood pressures can vary with these factors

Back 20

caffeine, tobacco, medications, pain, physical activity, environmental temperature

Front 21

best estimated from right internal jugular

Back 21

JVP

Front 22

determines volume status

Back 22

JVP

Front 23

decreased JVP

Back 23

heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid stenosis, pericardial compression or tamponade

Front 24

position of JVP

Back 24

5 cm above right atrium

Front 25

abnormal JVP

Back 25

4cm above sternal angle or cm above right atrium

Front 26

True or False A cervical systolic murmur heard in children is suspicious

Back 26

False; if heard in adult...is suspicious

Front 27

leading cause of death for men and women in US

Back 27

coronary heart disease

Front 28

highest death rates from coronary heart disease in this population

Back 28

African-American men

Front 29

These clinical syndromes may be referred to as acute coronary syndrome

Back 29

USA, NSTEMI, STEMI

Front 30

mortality rate if inappropriately discharged from ED after erroneous EKG interpretation

Back 30

25%

Front 31

Symptoms..anterior chest pain, tearing or ripping with radiation to neck/back

Back 31

aortic aneurysm

Front 32

True or False Ventricular tachycardia produces palpitations

Back 32

False

Front 33

Symptom...sudden dyspnea

Back 33

pulmonary embolus, spontaneous pneumothorax, anxiety

Front 34

Orthopnea may be seen in these 3 diseases

Back 34

LV heart failure, mitral stenosis, COPD

Front 35

Occurs 1-2 hours after going to sleep; often associated with wheezing and coughing

Back 35

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Front 36

may gain what percentage of body weight in fluid before pitting edema

Back 36

10%

Front 37

Causes of edema

Back 37

cardiac, position, poor nutrition specifically low albumin

Front 38

all patients this age or older should be screened for hypertension

Back 38

18

Front 39

target blood pressure for patients with chronic kidney disease and/or diabetes

Back 39

130/80 mmHg

Front 40

Name 5 risk factors for hypertension

Back 40

family history, decreased potassium in diet or increased sodium in diet, physical inactivity, microalbuminuria, excess alcohol

Front 41

At what age is screening for coronary heart disease

Back 41

20

Front 42

How frequently should risk for lipidemia be screened?

Back 42

every 5 years unless risk factors for hyperlipidemia present or patient is diabetic

Front 43

Primary target for cholesterol lowering therapy

Back 43

LDL

Front 44

risk factors for dyslipidemia

Back 44

smoking, BP > 140/90. HDL < 40, family history

Front 45

increased waist circumference, elevated triglycerides, elevated HDL, BP > 130/85 or fasting glucose > 110

Back 45

signs of metabolic syndrom

Front 46

For high risk patients, goal is to lower LDL to this

Back 46

70 mg/dL

Front 47

name lifestyle modifications to prevent/manage hypertension

Back 47

optimal BMI
< 2.4 grams of Na+/day
30 mins. of aerobic exercise daily
moderate alcohol
> 3500 mg K+
diet rich in fruits/vegetables and low dairy

Front 48

Lifestyle modification can modify BP by this amount

Back 48

2-20 mmHg

Front 49

True or False To prevent cardiovascular disease and stroke, it is recommended to keep HgA1C below 8%

Back 49

False, recommended to keep under 7%

Front 50

True or False 40% of Americans are obese or overweight

Back 50

False, 60% are obese or overweight

Front 51

#1 goal of Healthy People 2010

Back 51

Regular exercise