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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Disease characterized by the imbalance between aqueous humor production & drainage
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Glaucoma
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____ angle glaucoma-usually bilateral, but one eye may be more affected than the other. Anterior chamber angle is open.
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Open angle glaucoma
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____ angle glaucoma-obstruction in aqueous humor outflow due to angle closure.
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angle closure glaucoma (pupillary block)
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Normal intraocular pressure
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10-21mm Hg
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Blinking, tight lid squeezing, upward gazing, hypertension, uveitis, retinal detachment
...are all factors that ___ IOP |
Increase IOP
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cold weather, alcohol, fat free diet, herion, marijuana
...are all factors that ___ IOP |
Decrease IOP
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An opthalmoscopy is a diagnostic test that
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examines the back part of the eyeball (fundus), which includes the
1.retina 2.optic disc 3. choroid 4. and blood vessels. |
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In a positive opthalmoscopy what signs are seen?
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1. Pallor due to lack of blood supply
2. Cupping of the optic nerve disc-exaggerated bending of the blood vessels as they cross the optic disc resulting in an enlarged optic cup that appears more basin-like than normal. |
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Diagnostic test that examines the filtration angle of the anterior chamber.
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Gonioscopy
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Test that
1. evaluates the feild of vision and... 2.Detects central scomatas (blind areas) |
Perimetry
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Disease called the silent theif of sight
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glaucoma
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Signs and symptoms of glaucoma
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1.Blurred vision
2.Halos around lights 3.ifficulty focusing on near objects 4.Difficulty adjusting eyes in low lighting. 5.Loss of peripheral vision 6.Aching or discomfort aroung the eyes. 7.Headaches |
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1.Blurred vision
2.Halos around lights 3.ifficulty focusing on near objects 4.Difficulty adjusting eyes in low lighting. 5.Loss of peripheral vision 6.Aching or discomfort aroung the eyes. 7.Headaches |
Signs and symptoms of glaucoma
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1.Triggered by pupil dilation
2.Severe pain in and around eyes 3.N/V (Nausea and vomiting) 4.Hazy cornea due to edema 5.May be profuse lacrimation 6.Rapidly progressive visual impairment including central 7.Conjunctival hyperemia 8.Pupil fixed, semi-dilated, oval, unreactive to light(medical emergency) |
Acute angle closure glaucoma signs and symptoms
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Diagnostic test that measures IOP by determining resistance of the eyeball to an applied force.
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Tonometry
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Tonometry test that is most accurate. Measures the force needed to flatten a small area of the cornea. Eye is anesthesized.
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Applanation
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Tonometry test that measures change in form of globe after standard weight s applied to cornea. Eye is anesthesized.
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Indentation
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Client education for tonometry
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No rubbing eyes after test to prevent corneal scratches
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Med that increases the outflow of aqueous humor by affecting ciliary muscle contraction allowing flow through a larger opening between the iris and trabecular meshwork
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Miotics (cholinergics)
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Pilocarpine & Carbachol
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Miotics
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Side effects of Miotics
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1.blurry vision
2.difficulty seeing in dark |
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An adrenergic agonist is a med that primarily decreases aqueous outflow but primarily decreases ______ .
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aqueous production
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Dipivefrin, epinephrine
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adrenergic agonist
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1.eye redness and burning
2.palpitations 3.Increased BP 4.tremors 5.headaches 6.anxiety 7.dry mouth ...are all signs and symptoms of ____ . |
Adrenergic agonists
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Has effect similar to adrenaline.
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Nursing implication for adrenergic agonists
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Teach punctal occlusion
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Meds that decrease aueous humor production.
Oral meds associated with serious side effects |
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
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Nursing implications for for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
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Do not give to patients with sulfa allergies; monitor electrolytes
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Med that increases uveoscleral outflow.
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Prostaglandins
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latanoprost
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prostaglandin
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Side effect of a prostaglandin?
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1.Darkening of the iris
2.conjunctival redness 3.rash |
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Complications of laser trabeculoplasty
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Rise in IOP about two hours after surgery
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Complications of a laser iridotomy
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1.Laser burns to cornea
2.Lens or retina 3.transient elevated IOP 4.Uveitis & blurring |
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Detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium from the sensory layer
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Retinal detachment
(medical emergency) |
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Precipitating factors for retinal detachment
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1.Aging
2.DM 3.Inflammatory process 4.familial 5.trauma 6.tumors 7.intraocular surgery |
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Clinical manifestations of retinal detachment
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1.Sensation of a shade or curtain comin across the vision of the eye
2.Cobwebs 3.Photopsia-flashes of bright lights. 4.floaters 5.No c/o pain 6.detachment can progress slowly or can enlarge quickly and become complete |
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1.Surgical reattachment of the sensory retina to the RPE
2.scleral buckle or surgical band may be used to hold retina and choroid together |
Rhegmatogenous detachment
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