Ntc 4: Immune System 2

Front 1

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Back 1

- lesions in small blood vessels, thrombin formation in glomerular capillaries which over time leads to kidney destruction

Mech: susceptibility genes cod for B and T cells specific for self nuclear antigens> you have a trigger> causes formation of antinuclear antibodies, antigen-antibody complexes> these complexes bind to TLRs which stim B cells and dendritic cells> ultimately leadds to a persistent high-level of antinuclear IgG antibody production > antibodies promote coagulation

Front 2

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Back 2

prone in smokers,
Mech: antigen is presented on MHC class 2 > CD4 T cells release cytokines> there is B cell, macrophage and endothelial cell activation > this ultimately leads to the formation of a pannus, destruction of bone and cartilage, fibrosis and ankylosis

Front 3

graves disease

Back 3

hyperfunction of the thyroid

excess quantities of circ thyroid hormone T3 and T4 causes thyrotoxicosis,

can cause exopthalamos: tissue accumulates behind the eyeball and causes them to bulge out

Mech: hormone acts as an antigen and induces an antibody A, it produces an antibody angainst itself AA. AA looks like the hormone and binds to the TSH receptor, results in excess T3 and T4

Front 4

thyroid hypofunction

Back 4

can cause cretinism, myxoedema, peope look like a lizard

mech: can happen via immune attack = lymphocytic thyroiditis, germinal centres within the thyroid will produce CD8 T cells against the epithelium and antibodies are made against the thyroid

Front 5

Amyloidosis

Back 5

amyloid: insoluble protein aggregates

includes diseases such as dementia, alzheimers, parkinsons and tb!

excess protein becomes misfolded and undergoes Beta pleating: forms acrystalline structure of protien which accumulates in tissue, can be seen with congo red or lugol's solution

Front 6

Dermatomyositis

Back 6

musc disease

infiltration of inflammatory cells in the musc and skin
deposition of complement causes atrophy and necrosis and in some cases infarction of the muscle

Front 7

Polymyositis

Back 7

localized destruction of the musc fibers
mediated by a CD 8 T cells which destroy the fibers

Front 8

celiac disease

Back 8

alergy to gluten

gluten breaks down to gliadin which becomes deaminated by enz at the brush border of the small intestine> transglutaminase acts on it, becomes completetly deaminated > deamidated gliadin acts on the HLA receptor on an APC which has a DQ2 or DQ8 marker(without the markers there is no rxn)> APC stim a T cell which produces IFNy> interferon activates the epithelium which express mic A and induces production of IL15 which makes intracellular lymphocytes proliferate > t cell stim B cells which form antibodies

Front 9

Chrohns disease & ulcerative colitis

Back 9

C = small intestine
U= lower part of colon

Mech: physical defect in the epithelium allows components of back to act with dendritic cells
this stim the diff of Th1, 2, 17

in c it causes fibrosis and in U it causes loss of large area of epithelium

Front 10

Il23

Back 10

produced in the colon can cause inflammation at a distant site

if its in the blood stream it can cause ankylosing spondylitis, this effect is secondary to a low grade inflam rxn

Front 11

Aids

Back 11

20-24!