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197 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What event initiated the new covenant?
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The death and resurrection of Jesus
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What were the four criteria for a book to be included in the New Testament canon?
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1. authorship by an apostle or close associate of an apostle, 2. content had to agree with the rest of Scripture, 3. must be universally applicable, and 4. evident inspiration by God.
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One criteria for a book to be included in the New Testament canon is that it had to be written by a prophet. T/F
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False; authorship must be accredited to either an apostle or a close associate of an apostle.
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For a book to be included in the New Testament cannon is had to reverberate the Old Testament covenants. T/F
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False; a book did not have to reiterate the Old Testament, it did however, have to agree with the books of the Old Testament.
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The New Testament books only apply to the people of that time period. T/F
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False; one of the requirements for a book to have been included in the New Testament cannon was that it must be universally applicable.
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What is lingua franca?
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Lingua franca refers to the Greek language used by the Israelites for trade and commerce.
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Persia captured Babylon. T/F
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True
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Hellenistic culture was introduced where by who?
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Hellenistic culture was introduced in Palestine by the Greeks.
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What was Alexandria?
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Alexandria was a port city built by Alexander.
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What is the Septuagint?
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The Septuagint (LXX) is the Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures.
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Who was given the name "Maccabeus", why was he given this nickname and what does it mean?
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Judas Maccabeus, son of Mattathias, was nicknamed "Maccabeus" which means "the hammer" because of his method of attack. (Quick, hard strike.)
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Who were the Pharisees?
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The Pharisees were Hasidim who opposed the Hasmonean priesthood. They accepted oral tradition as binding and they lived to explain the Torah. They held no interest in political power. They believed in immorality, the resurrection, spirits and angels.
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Which of the great apostles was a Pharisee?
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Paul was the son of a Pharisee, and was himself a member of this strict Judaic sect.
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What is an amanuensis?
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An amanuensis is a writing secretary, often used by the writers of the New Testament books. (It should be noted that an amanuensis had more freedom in writing than a scribe did.)
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What is an autograph?
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An autograph is a piece written by the hand of the original writer as opposed to an amanuensis. These no longer exist.
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Autographs written by the early apostles/disciples/close associates compose the New Testament we read today. T/F
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False; New Testament autographs no longer exist.
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What is the Intertestamental Period?
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This is the 400 "silent years" between the Old Testament and the New Testament.
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During the Intertestamental Period, Babylon was captured by Persia. T/F
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True.
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Who introduced the Hellenistic culture to Palestine?
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The Hellenistic culture was introduced to Palestine by the Greeks.
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What is lingua franca?
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Lingua franca refers to the Greek used by the Palestinians during Hellenization for trade and commerce.
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In chronological order, list the ruling empires throughout the Intertestamental Period.
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Persian > Greek/Alexander > Ptolemaic (Egyptian) > Seleucid (Syrian) > Maccabean (Hasmonean) > Roman
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Who were the Hasidim?
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The Hasidim were a pious people who kept all Jewish traditions and separated themselves from Greek culture (and Hellenization).
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What ruler banned the Jewish religion?
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Antiochus IV or Epiphanes
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What does Epiphanes mean?
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manifest god, victory bearer
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What nickname was given to Antiochus IV and what does it mean?
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He was nicknamed Epimanes, which means "madman".
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What did Antiochus IV enforce?
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the worship of Zeus; in 168 BC he built a pagan altar in the temple and sacrificed a pig on it.
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Who were the Sadducees?
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The Sadducees were Jews who supported the Hasmonean ruler. They were politically minded and did not believe in the supernatural. They were the aristocratic minority ad were "member of supreme councils". They were proponents of external legalism and followed the letter of the law. They only accepted the written Old Testament as authoritative.
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When was the destruction of Jerusalem?
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AD 70
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What happened in AD 70?
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The destruction of Jerusalem
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What ended as the result of this event in AD 70?
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The sacrificial system and sacrificial worship ended as a result of the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70.
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Who was the controlling power of the Jewish mind?
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The priesthood. Israel would not pledge allegiance to any foreign ruler.
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Who were referred to as "people of the book" and why?
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The Jews were referred to as "people of the book" because Judaism was based on the OT scriptures.
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What were the Jews often referred to as?
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The People of the book
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When did the synagogue develop?
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Historically, it seems that the synagogue developed as a result of the scattering of the Jews (diaspora) during the Babylon exilic period.
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What was the threefold purpose of the synagogue?
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1. worship, 2. education, and 3. to govern civil life of community
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What was the primary purpose of the Synagogue?
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To teach the law of Judaism.
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Why did the Jews not accept the Intertestamental Literature as canonical?
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1. They thought the period of inspiration had ceased. 2. They felt that stories/teachings in these writings were somewhat fanciful.
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Why did the early Church not accept the Intertestamental Literature as canonical?
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They felt these writings did not meet the canonical criteria.
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What were the two groups of intertestamental literature?
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the apocrypha and pseudepigraphy
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the Pharisees died out with the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD. T/F
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False; the Pharisees became the foundation of Orthodox Judaism.
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The Sadducees became the foundation for orthodox Judaism. T/F
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False; The Sadducees died out with the destruction of the temple.
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Who copied and preserved Scripture?
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The Essenes
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Who do we attribute the existence of the Dead Sea Scrolls?
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The Essenes
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What was the Sanhedrin?
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The Sanhedrin served as the supreme court for the Jewish people.
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Who was the great historical writer of the time period?
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Josephus
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Josephus was a judge on the Sanhedrin. T/F
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False; Josephus was a Jewish historian.
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In Matthew, what outline is based on the phrase "from that time"?
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The Biographical outline is based on the phrase "from that time".
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The topical outline for Matthew is based on what?
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The division of material into 5 segments of teaching material.
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Each of the five divisions in the topical outline of Matthew end with what phrase?
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When Jesus had finished these sayings.
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In Matthew, the prophecies of the Messiah are realized, what is a key phrase of this division?
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"The Kingdom of Heaven"
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The phrase the Kingdom of Heaven is found 30 times in which book?
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Matthew
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"That it might be fulfilled" is a key phrase found in which book?
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Matthew
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What is the apex of the book of Matthew?
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The Great Commission as found in chapter 28 vs. 18b-20
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The Great Commission is the apex of which book?
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Matthew
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What does the book of Matthew stress about Jesus?
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His fulfillment of the Law
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Which book stresses Jesus' fulfillment of the Law?
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Matthew
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Which book emphasizes the contents of Jesus' teaching ministry?
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Matthew
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Which book seems to be directed to the Romans?
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Mark
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Mark seems to be directed to who?
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The Romans
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What is the problem regarding Mark's gospel?
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Whether the book properly ends at verse 8 or verse 20 of the last chapter.
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Which book is concerned with the work and activity of Jesus?
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Mark
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The book of Mark is concerned primarily with what aspects of the life of Jesus?
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the work and activity of Jesus as the authoritative son of God
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Which book depicts Jesus as the suffering servant?
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Mark
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Which book emphasizes the phrases "straight way" and "immediately"?
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Mark
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Straight way
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Mark
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Immediately
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Mark
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Which book begins by mentioning earlier narratives or written records?
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Luke
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Which book's theme is the historical certainty of Jesus?
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Luke
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Which book emphasizes the universal aspect of Jesus?
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Luke
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How does the book of Luke present the universal aspect of the gospel message?
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By the book's treatment of Gentiles, social outcasts, and women.
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Which book emphasizes Jesus' humanity, even tracing his descent from Adam?
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Luke
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In which book is there a special emphasis on women?
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Luke
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The author of which book was possibly a cousin to Jesus?
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John
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The gospel of belief?
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John
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What is the key verse of John?
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John 20: 30-31 "And many other signs truly did Jesus say which are not written in this book: but these are written, that you might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing you might have life through his name."
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key words: signs, belief, and life
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John
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Which book has seven unique miracles?
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John
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Which book emphasizes Jesus as the master of every situation?
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John
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Which book emphasizes the deity of Christ?
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John
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How does John emphasize the deity of Christ?
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He uses the 7 claims made by Christ which are based on the "I am" statements.
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Which book uses the contrast between light and dark to parallel the contrast between those who believe and those who don't believe?
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John
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What are the three divisions of Jesus ministry?
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a year of obscurity, a year of popularity, and a year of opposition
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What were the years of Jesus ministry?
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about 27-30AD
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In which year of Jesus ministry did he hold private teachings, predict his death, and avoid crowds?
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The year of opposition
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New Testament
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derived from Latin word, Novum Testamentum which means a last will or testament
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How many books are there in the NT?
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27
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What are the three classifications of the New Testament?
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by literary character, author, or period
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What are the three periods that classify the NT?
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The Period of Inception, the Period of expansion, and the Period of Consolidation
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The Period of Inception covers what?
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The life of Christ from his birth to AD 30
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The Period of Expansion covers what?
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AD 30-60, which covers that spread of the church as a group of preachers evangelize the world
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The Period of Consolidation covers what?
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AD 60-100, which shows the Church being shaped into a recognized institution
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How many different authors wrote the 27 NT books?
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9
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Which books are classified as narrative and why?
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The Gospels; because they are historical or biographical
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Personal letters
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ex. Philemon; letters to individuals
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What is meant by the division of the NT called Prophetic books?
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ex. Rev.; books that deal with events yet to come; apocalyptic
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What is meant by the Doctrinal classification?
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the epistles; letters to churches that contain instruction in Christian belief/ethics
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The Gospels claim to be exhaustive accounts of Jesus' life. T/F
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False; each gospel is selective, specific in intent and written with special interest
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Synoptic Problem
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How do we account for the similarities and differences between the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke)?
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How fully do orthodox evangelical scholars believe we can accept the Gospel records?
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Orthodox evangelical scholars find good historical and logical reasons for full acceptance of the Gospel records.
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Holds that all words and all verbal relationships are inspired by God who sovereignly prepared the writer who willingly and naturally recorded God's revelation.
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Verbal plenary inspiration
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What form critic called for Gospels to be demytholigized?
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Bultmann
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What does it mean to "demythologize the Gospels"?
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to strip away all the so-called myths (miracles) of the gospels
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The primary purpose of Acts is what?
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to trace the triumphant progress of the gospel from Jerusalem to Rome.
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What is the secondary purpose of Acts?
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apologetic; this is achieved through the educating of Theophilus concerning the faith of Jesus Christ.
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Why is there an apologetic tone in Acts?
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To show that christianity is not disloyal to Roman government and that it deserved continued freedom because it derived from Judaism.
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Apologetic and to trace the progress of the gospel message
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Acts
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The birthday of the visible church
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Pentecost
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When did the leadership roles of the first missionaries change?
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Acts 13:13; from Barnabas to Paul
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The first missionary call came from who and where?
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The Holy Spirit, from the church in Antioch, Syria
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Who was in charge of the missionary group initially?
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Barnabas
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When did the Jerusalem Council take place?
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AD 49-50; Acts 15
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What problem was considered by the Jerusalem Council?
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The extent to which the Gentiles should be required to observe the law of Moses
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What were the epistles originally written to do?
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Originally they were written to deal with specific local situations in the church
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The epistles are outdated because the situations they dealt with are no longer relevant to today's church. T/F
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False; they set forth fundamental principles applicable to the individual and the body of all believers
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Where did Paul primarily preach?
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Major cities
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When entering a city, what was the first place Paul would go? Why?
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Paul first preached at a Jewish synagogue. He believed the Old Covenant people had a right to hear the Gospel first.
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Where did the persecution of the church come from at first?
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The non-believing Jews
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How did the Roman government think of christianity at first?
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It was regarded as a branch of Judaism and was therefore a legal religion.
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Not a tract for sinners, but a presentation of the complexities of the faith
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Romans
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Contains the mainstay of Christian theology
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Romans
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Contains the most systematic treatment of the doctrine of justification by faith
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Romans
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What is it called when the sinner is released from the penalty of sin by God?
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Justification
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What is it called to reckon something to another's account?
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Imputation
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What term expresses redemption and new relationship?
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Adoption
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What is the term that refers to the process or result of being made holy?
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Sanctification
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Book most varied in content and style of all Paul's epistles
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I Corinthians
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What book's theme is the social aspect of the doctrine of the cross?
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I Corinthians
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Epistle of Sanctification
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I Corinthians
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The most autobiographical of all Paul's epistles
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II Corinthians
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The most personal (second only to Philippians) and least doctrinal of Paul's epistles
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II Corinthians
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Deals with personal matters rather than doctrinal teaching (less systematic preaching)
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II Corinthians
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What book's theme is the justification for those who believe in Jesus Christ by divine grace totally apart from obedience to the Law?
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Galatians
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Justification
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Galatians
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Judaizers
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Jews and Gentiles who believed/taught that Christianity should be modeled after the legalism of Judaism
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Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Philemon
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Prison Epistles
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Twin Epistles
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Colossians and Ephesians
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The universal church, the body of Christ
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Ephesians
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Most personal letter written by Paul
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Philippians
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Epistle of Joy
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Philippians
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emphasizes word "gospel"
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Philippians
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Where is the Great Christological passage found?
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Philippians 2:5-11
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The Kenosis Passage
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Philippians 2:7; "made himself of no reputation"
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Deals with the concept that Christ limited [surrendered] the use of his divine attributes while on earth (still fully god)
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Philippians
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Emphasizes that Christ emptied or limited himself
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Philippians
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Being complete in Christ
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Colossians
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Christ in the body of the believer as a mystery
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Colossians
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Christ as the head
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Christ as the head of the body
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Colossians
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Oneness in Christ
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Ephesians
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Jew and Gentile as one in the body of Christ a mystery
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Ephesians
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The Church as the body of Christ
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Ephesians
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Where is the classic passage on the preeminance or supremacy of Christ?
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Colossians 1:13-22
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Personal rather than theological
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Philemon
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Contains a picture of the meaning of forgiveness and imputation
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Philemon
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Only epistle written to an individual
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Philemon
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The return of christ
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I Thes.
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The second coming of Christ is this book's major theme
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I Thes.
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Contains classic passage on the rapture
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I Thes. 4:17
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Rapture
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based on Latin equiv. of the Greek word for "shall be caught up"; immortalizing and glorifying of the bodies of living Xtians when Christ returns
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I Timothy, II Timothy, Titus
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Pastoral epistles
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Give instructions to younger associates on how to maintain the church under their care
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The pastoral epistles
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When I Timothy was written, where was the center of Christiandom?
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Ephesus; it had become the numerical and geographical center of Christiandom
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Sound Doctrine
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I Timothy
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a recognized standard of doctrine to which life and teaching must conform
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"sound doctrine"
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Second coming of the Lord
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II Thessalonians (I Thessalonians is acceptable also)
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Antichrist
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II Thessalonians
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This book discusses the rise, activity, and defeat of the Anti-Christ
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II Thes.
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Epistle of Victory
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II Timothy
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Where is Paul's final charge found? What does it say?
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II Tim. 4:1-5; Preach the word
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What is Paul's farewell statement?
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II Tim. 4:7,8; "I have fought the good fight, I have kept the faith..."
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James, I, 2 Peter, I, 2, 3 John
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General Epistles
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Universal epistles because they weren't written to believers in a particular location (except two)
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General epistles
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Titles come from their authors instead of destinations
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General epistles
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What is unique about the general epistles from the other epistles?
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There titles come from their authors rather than their destinations
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Authorship is uncertain
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Hebrews; inspiration is certain, even though author is not
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What doctrine does Hebrews present?
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The doctrine of priesthood of Christ
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contains faith hall of fame
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Hebrews 11:1-40
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Key word is "better"
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Hebrews
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___ than Judaism; above the law
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When was James written? Why is this estimated date significant?
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45-50AD; it could possibly be the first book of the NT to be completed.
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Parallels the teachings of Jesus in concept
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James
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Similar to proverbs, in that it sets forth principles for a practical, ethical life
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James
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The least doctrinal and most practical NT book
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James
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Similar to Jesus' Sermon on the Mount teachings
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manual of Christian conduct (it assumes the reader has already found faith)
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James
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Emphasizes that faith proves its existence by works
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James
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Luther called it an "Epistle of Straw"
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key word is "suffering"
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I Peter
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Shows Christians how to live out their redemption in a hostile world
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I Peter
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Emphasizes the true knowledge of the Scripture as a safeguard against false teaching and apostasy
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II Peter
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Warns of the dangers within the church
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II Peter
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Epistle of Assurance
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I John
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Describes how a Christian should react to false teachers.
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II John
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What does II John advise when dealing with false teachers?
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In the area of fundamental doctrine, there can be no tolerance of error
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Quotes from 2 non-biblical sources, the Assumption of Moses and the Book of Enoch
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Jude
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Jude quotes from two non-biblical sources, does this mean that the author feels these sources are inspired?
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No, this does not indicate that the author believes they are inspired
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The Apocalypse
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Revelation
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Gives an organized forecast of the future
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Revelation
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Gives a divine perspective on history
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Revelation
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Revelation accomplishes what two things?
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It gives an organized forecast of the future and a divine perspective on history
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Where does the key to Revelation lie?
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In the book's presentation of the person of Christ
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