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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of treatment should be initially given for a child with fever?
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Environmental: light loose clothes, expose skin, cool compress
Pharmacological: NO ASPIRIN! -can give tylenol • 10-15 mg/kg -Ibuprofen - ONLY for > 6 months old •q6-8hrs • < 39.1 = 5mg/kg • > 39.1 = 10mg/kg |
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Under what conditions should you always call the doctor with regards to a child's fever?
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- Fever in child less than 6 weeks old
- fever without cause lasting > 24hrs - fever > 3 days - Recurrent fevers - child looks or acts very sick ("looks toxic") |
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What is Otitis Media?
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- an inflammation of the middle ear
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What are the two types of otitis media?
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AOM - acute otitis media
OME - otitis media with effusion |
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Acute Otitis Media
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- Has a rapid onset
- may have: •fever •otalgia (ear pain) •bulging red or yellow tympanic membrane |
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Otitis Media with Effusion
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- Fluid in middle ear space without symptoms of acute infection
•can lead to meningitis or deafness • puss and debris can also lead to scarring which can cause deafness |
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What are some risk factors of otitis media?
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Risk Factors:
•Age - <1 yr 80% chance, <3 yrs 50% chance, chances decrease dramatically after age 7. •second hand smoke •formula feeding (less incidence in breastfeeding babies) •day care center care |
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For children > 6 months old, how long should one wait before seeking treatment for Acute Otitis Media?
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- wait 3 days for resolution, if not resolved then treat with amoxicillin for 10-14 days
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When should one seek treatment for Otitis Media with Effusion?
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No treatment unless the problem persists for 3 months.
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What should one do 3 months after a bout of Otitis Media?
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Get a hearing test to check for inner ear damage or hearing loss.
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What is used to treat recurrent AOM?
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Tympanostomy tube or Adenoidectomy
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What are Koplik's Spots?
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they are spots that appear 2 days before rash caused by Measles.
-they are small irregular spots with a bluish, white center. they are usually most apparent in the buccal cavity |
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How do measles show up on a child? Also what are some symptoms of measles?
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It appears as a rash - a maculopapular rash starts on the face and spreads downward.
some symptoms are: fever, malaise and lymphandenopathy |
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How are measles contracted?
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it is a virus that can be spread by droplets or direct contact.
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How is rubella (german measles) contracted?
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primarily contact with secretions
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How does rubella show up on a child? what are some symptoms?
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It shows as a rash on the face and spreads downward.
-Forshiderer sign - red petticula on hard and soft palate on inside of mouth -will get discrete pinkish red maculopapular rash. -resolves by 3rd day? symptoms: fever, malaise, sore throat until 1 day after rash appears. |
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What is the biggest danger associated with rubella?
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Teratogenic effects on a fetus
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How does Roseola show up on a child? what are some symptoms?
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Persistent high fever for 3-4 days.
then rash appears as discrete rose-pink macules that appear first on trunk then spread to neck, face and extemities. |
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What is Erythema Infectiosum (Fifths Disease)?
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it is caused by Human Parvovirus.
get a rash in 3 stages •slapped face appearance for 1-4 days •maculopapular rash on extremities - lasts 7 or more days •rash subsides and then reappears if skin irritated or traumatized by heat, cold, friction MUST STAY AWAY FROM PREGNANT WOMEN. CAN HAVE TEROTEGENIC EFFECT ON FETUS |
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What is Coxsackie Viruses? What are some symptoms?
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many strains with variables symptoms. Caused by Coxsackie A16 virus
•ex: URI, pharyngitis, pneumonia, meningitis, conjuctivitis, stomatitis, rash Hand, Foot and Mouth disease! Transmitted through secretions, saliva, stool Sx: lasts 7-10 days •fever •mouth sores •rash - flat or raised patches with blisters on palms and soles of feet. |
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What is Impetigo caused by, and how is it manifested?
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It is caused by staphylococcus. Most common in toddlers and preschoolers. Often found in day care centers.
Vesicles rupture into most erosions that dry and form HONEY COLORED CRUST Can ultimately lead to Glomular Nephritis There is no immunization available. |
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How do you treat impetigo?
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Remove crust
•soften the crust by soaking in Burow's Solution •Can use bacteriacidal ointment •Oral antibiotics can also be used |
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What virus causes chicken pox?
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Varicella Zoster Virus
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How is chicken pox spread?
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direct contact, droplets or contaminated objects
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What drug should not be given to a child with Chicken Pox?
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Aspirin
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What are some physical symptoms of Chicken Pox? What are some complications associated with it?
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Symptoms:
•Pruritis •papules that turn vesicular, then break and crust. Complications: •secondary bacterial infections -encephalitis -pneumonia |
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What virus causes Roseola?
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Human Herpes Virus Type 6
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