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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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T or F: The goal of science is to prove that hypotheses are correct |
False |
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T or F: The matter and energy necessary for plants to grow comes from the sun. |
False |
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T or F: Once a hypothesis has a lot of data which supports it, scientists begin to call it a "theory". |
False |
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T or F: Heat and Sugar are both examples of "kinetic" energy |
False. Potential example ( stretched rubber band) |
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T or F: Through the process of photosynthesis, plants convert kinetic energy into potential energy |
True |
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T or F: Molecules such as carbohydrates and proteins are composed of matter and contain energy |
True |
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T or F: Sunlight and heat are part of the abiotic environment |
True |
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T or F: In a food chain, animals which eat plants are called "primary consumers" |
True |
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T or F: Every calorie you have ever consumed in your life was at one time kinetic energy in sunlight |
True |
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T or F: When potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, some energy is lost as heat. |
True |
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"Ecology" is the study of the relationships between organism and their _______ |
Biotic and abiotic environment |
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The goal of meeting the needs of present populations without compromising the ability of future populations to meet their needs is called: |
Sustainable development |
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Saving resources because people might want to use them in the future is a form of |
Utilitarian conservation |
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In food chains, plants are called |
Primary producers |
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Humans and other animals eat "food" in order to gain |
Energy, matter and heat |
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Carbon atoms make ____ bonds to other atoms |
4 |
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A molecule is composed of two or more _____ |
Atoms |
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The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be _____ |
Transformed |
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Energy is lost from the food chain in the form of ____ |
Heat |
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______ molecules tend to dissolve in water |
Hydrophilic |
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When molecules diffuse, they move from areas of ____ concentration toward areas of ____ concentration |
High, low |
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Approximately _____% of the energy contained in the primary consumer trophic level is passed on to the secondary consumers |
10 |
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Saving species because you feel they have a right to exist is a form of _____ preservation |
Biocentric |
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Antibiotics are used to kill: |
Bacteria |
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Which of the following is NOT a biological disease agent? a) virus b) chemicals c) bacteria d) fungus e) all of the above |
B |
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The term "per capita" means " per ____" |
Person |
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Per capita ____ rates are decreasing during Phase III of the human demographic transition |
Birth |
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What is the human carrying capacity (K)? |
We don't know |
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Individuals who consume (buy) a product always pay the ___ cost |
Internal |
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If you cut trees down faster than they can regrow, those trees are _____ resources |
Non-renewable |
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Bacteria are developing resistance to antibiotics because of the overuse of |
Antibiotics |
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In the ____ model, emphasis is placed on production and profits with little or no concern for conserving resources or minimizing waste production |
Throughput |
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The cost of raw materials("resources"), the cost of energy, and "profit" are all included in the ___ cost of a product. |
Internal |
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Trees, water and soil are examples of ___ capital |
Natural |
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The population growth rate is greatest during which phases of the demographic transition? |
Phase II and Phase III |
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If you get cancer because you live near an industry which polluted the air, your health care costs are considered to be part of the ____ cost of that product |
External |
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In general businesses try to minimize _____ costs and environmentalists try to minimize _____ costs |
Internal, external |
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T or F: the human population can NOT continue to grow forever |
True |
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We currently live in a ____ economy, where the government influences the market with subsidies, taxes and regulation |
Planned |
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The main reason that the human population is growing very quickly is because ___ |
Birth rates are higher than death rates |
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In the ____ economic model, resources are viewed as infinite |
Throughput |
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When a population reaches carrying capacity (N=K), birth rates are ______ |
Equal to death rates (b=d) |
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A vaccination works by: |
Stimulating your immune system |
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The human population started growing very rapidly after the industrial revolution mainly because |
Death rates decreased |
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Which meats would be more likely to make you sick if you do not cook it well enough? a) steak b) hamburger c) both |
Hamburger |
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Diseases like bird flu, Ebola and AIDS are considered _____ diseases |
Emergent |
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What happens when a population exceeds their carrying capacity? (N>K) |
The population eventually decreases |
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Sickness resulting from a disease is called |
Morbidity |
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What types of resources determine the long-term carrying capacity(K)? |
Renewable only |
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What are pro-Natalist pressure |
Children as a source of pride, children as a source of comfort, taboos against contraception |
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Virus, bacteria and fungus are considered ____ |
Pathogens |
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Which of the following was NOT involved in the collapse of Easter Island? a) loss of soil b) loss of trees c) pollution d) overpopulation |
C)pollution |
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Which of the following did Easter island inhabitants NOT use their trees for? a) canoes b) making rope c) fuel for fires d) statues e) food |
d) statues |
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Allergens |
Overstimulate the immune system |
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Mutagens |
Damage or alter genetic material( all are not carcinogens) |
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Carcinogens |
All carcinogens are mutagens and they cause cancer. They cause cells to grow out of control (tumor) |
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Over 100,000 synthetic chemicals in our living and working environment |
They are tested on adults. <20% tested for acute effects (short-term) <10% tested for chronic effects(long-term) |
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Bio accumulation of toxic chemicals in cells/tissues in a |
Trophic level/particular organism |
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Biomagnification in food chains |
Across trophic levels(pollutants concentrate as they move from one trophic level to the next) |
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Half-life |
Chemicals break down in half after each year |
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Persistent Organic Pollutants |
PBDE - flame retardant PFOS - Teflon, goretex, scotchgard, stainmaster Pthalates - cosmetics, deodorants, plastics |
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Persistent Organic Pollutants |
Perchlorate(PERC) - in water Bisphenol A (BPA) - in plastic Atrazine - most common herbicide |
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Persistent Organic Pollutants |
Accumulated toxins in body Not all can be detoxified |
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Food and drug administration(FDA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
Chemicals assumed "harmful until proven safe" |
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Dose-response |
"Threshold" Safe level for many chemicals |
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Inert ingredients are additives which do not carry out the primary function of the product |
-Propellants -Preservatives -Coloring -Fragrance -Emulsifiers |
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Risk analysis |
"Safe" just means the company lacks data on whether certain chemicals are actually harmful or nkt |
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Atmosphere |
78% nitrogen (inert) 21% oxygen 0.035% carbon dioxide |
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Troposphere |
Where we live; we breathe this gas |
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Atmosphere |
Contains ozone (traps 99% of UV radiation) |
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Weather and climate |
Differential heating and cooling of earth moves masses of air |
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Climate |
Long term average of weather |
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Climate |
Long term average of weather |
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Solar energy in sunlight heats the earth |
Enter as short wavelength radiation (UV, visible); energy that leaves the earth is long-wavelengths and gets trapped by greenhouse gases |
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Climate |
Long term average of weather |
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Solar energy in sunlight heats the earth |
Enter as short wavelength radiation (UV, visible); energy that leaves the earth is long-wavelengths and gets trapped by greenhouse gases |
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Major contributor to global climate change: carbon dioxide |
60% taken up by plants and ocean, 40% remains in atmosphere, leads to climate change |
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Impacts of global warming |
Extremes become more extreme i.e 20 hottest years on record since 1980 Mountain glaciers melting |
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Climate change |
North and south poles most affected Increase in sea level. Rise of 6-8 inches. Expect 3 feet increase by 2050
Disrupt plant and animal life
Significant impact on agriculture |
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Greenhouse gases and % of impact |
64% carbon dioxide 19% methane 11% chlorofluorocarbons 6% nitrous oxide |
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Major producers of greenhouse gases |
28% U.S(5% of population) 23% China(20% of population) |
