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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Risk assessment ____________ provide information on morbidity or mortality.
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Risk assessment DOES NOT provide information on morbidity or mortality.
Instead it can make suggestions to reduce risk. |
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RELATIVE RISK (RR)
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How common a disease is developed among people who are exposed, to a possible risk factor of those who are not exposed.
EXAMPLE: RR in Cigarette smoking Nonsmokers: 11 out of 100,000 will develop lung cancer Smokers: 131 out of 100,000 will develop lung cancer 131/11 = 11.9 - Smokers are 11.9x more likely to develop lung cancer compared to non-smokers |
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RELATIVE RISK (RR)
- Referent Group |
"unexposed group"
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RELATIVE RISK (R)
- Interpretation |
RR close to 1 = link to exposure and disease is unlikely to exist
RR greater than 1 = likelihood of the exposed developing the disease is higher and of concern RR much lower than 1 = risk decreases with exposure GUIDE: Above 3 start of concern; Below 0.6 start of improvement |
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ODDS RATIO (OR)
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# with disease who have the risk factor
DIVIDED BY # without disease that have the risk factor EXAMPLE: 95 out of 100 people with lung cancer smoke cigarettes 25 out of 100 people w/o lung cancer smoke cigarettes 95/25 = 3.8 - OR for smoking & lung cancer |
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The main problem with using RISK RATIO and ODD RATIO is ________________________________________________.
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The main problem with using RISK RATIO and ODD RATIO is not all risk factors can be/are measured.
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HAZARD RATIO / COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARD RATIO
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Measure how often a particular event happens in one group compared to how often it happens in another group, over time.
Hazard ratio of 1 = no difference in survival between the two groups Hazard ratio of greater than one or less than one means that survival was better in one of the groups |
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Major Points / Differences of Hazard Ratios
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-Compares what happens in groups
-Hazards are assumed to be constant over time -Endpoint is "resolution of disease" (improvement, cure or death) |
