Diabetes Drug Therapy

Front 1

1st Generation Sulfonylureas (Diabinese, Orinase)

Back 1

Route: Oral
Action: Stimulates beta cells to increase insulin production
SE: Hypoglycemia, weight gain, Drug/drug interactions (NSAIDS, warfarin, sulfonamides), Sulfa allergies
Implications: Monitor for hypoglycemia, Avoid use of ETOH

Front 2

2nd Generation Sulfonylureas (Glucotrol, Micronase, Dia-Beta, Amaryl)

Back 2

Route: Oral
Action: More potent effects than 1st generation
SE: Same as 1st generation
Implications: Same as 1st generation

Front 3

Biguanides - metformins
(Glucophage, Glucovance)

Back 3

Route: Oral
Action: Inhibit liver glucose production, increased body tissue sensitivity to insulin
SE: Lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, GI disturbances, N/I w/renal, liver; respiratory insufficiency
Implications: Monitor for lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, must stop therapy 48 hrs prior to admin of contrast agent/medium

Front 4

Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors (Precose & Glyset)

Back 4

Route: Oral
Action: Delays gastric absorption of carbohydrates into intestine & systemic circulation, may be combined w/sulfonylureas, biguanides or insulin therapy
SE: hypoglycemia, GI upset, Drug/drug interactions
Implications: Must be given w/meals, monitor LFT's, do not give w/GI, renal or liver dysfunction, have glucose tabs available

Front 5

Non-Sulfonylureas Insulin Secretagogues - meglitinides (Prandin, Starlix)

Back 5

Route: Oral
Action: Stimulates pancreas to secrete insulin, may be combined w/biguanides or thiazolidinediones
SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain, drug/drug interactions (fluconazoles, EES, rifampin, isoniazid)
Implications: Give before each meal, rapid action, short half life, no effect of plasma lipid levels. Don't take if meal is skipped.