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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the pathological features of ALS?
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LCST degeneration w/ subsequent glial scarring
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Where does the degeneration that takes place in ALS start?
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In the proximal axon of motor neurons
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What part of the motor sys is affected in ALS?
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The entire motor sys (cortex, CST, ant horn , ventral roots, peripheral nerves, & muscles)
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What are some possible mechanisms of neuronal death in ALS?
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Insufficient blood supply, free radicals, excitotoxicity, or microglial responses
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What is the identifing microscopic feature of Parkinon's?
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Lewy bodies; bright pink round inclusions
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What are some possible mechanisms of pathogenesis in Parkinson's?
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oxidative stress, microglial rxn, or mitochondrial damage
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What causes Huntington's?
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Autosomal dominant (gain of fcn). Extra glutamine (CAG residues)
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What are the symptoms of Huntington's?
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Chorea & later dementia
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What is the identifing microscopic feature of Alzheimer's?
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B-amyloid plaques in ctx & neurofilament tangles (from astrocyte & mnicroglial rxns)
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What are the symptoms of Alzheimer's?
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Loss of memory, recognition, intellectual ability, etc
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What are the risk factors for Alzheimer's?
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Age, trauma, smoking, obesity, diet, hypertension, & physical inactivity
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What are some possible causitive genes for Alzheimer's?
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Familial: B-amyloid percursor protein, presenilin 1, presenilin 2, & epsilon 4. Sporadic: Apolipoprotein E 7 interluekin 1
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What are some possible mechanisms for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's?
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Vascular insuffiency & oxidative stress
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What is the possible pathogenesis of Creutzfeldtz-Jakob disease?
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Abnormal re-folding normal brain protein, leading to further re-folding of additional proteins.
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What are the ways the abnormal folding can begin?
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Sporadic (spontaneous), from another person, familial, or eating contaminated meat
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