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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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RA |
— Rheumatoid Arthritis — Autoimmune, rapid onset — Symmetrical symptoms — Age 50+ |
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OA |
— Osteoarthritis, joints, common — Degenerative, slow onset — Heberden’s Nodes: distal interphalangeal joints — Bouchard’s Nodes: proximal interphalangeal joints — 1 lb of (over) weight puts 4 lbs of Pressure on knees |
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OP |
— Osteoporosis- porous bone — Osteopenia = low bone mass — Onset teen years, men get much later than women — Need calcium and vitamin d — Pediatric Disease with geriatric consequences — Caused by prednisone long term use |
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Xerosis and Pruritis |
Xerosis = dry skin Pruritis = itchy skin (risk for infection) |
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4 Types of Skin Cancers |
1. AK (atinic Keratosis) - pre-cancerous patch, thick scaly or crusty skin- sandpaper 2. Basal cell carcinoma: small fleshy bump 3. Squamous cell carcinoma: flesh colored, erythematous, scaly plaque, metastasizes want removed right away 4. Malignant melanoma: metastasizes very quick and cause death (birth control, tanning beds) |
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Skin: A B C D E |
Asymmetry Border Color Diameter Elevation/Evolution |
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CVA |
— Cerebrovascular Attack — Ischemic stroke (dry): thrombolytics- arterial Disease, a fib, dehydration — Hemorrhagic stroke (wet): bleeding, headache -uncontrolled HTN, life threatening — Gold standard = 3 hours — First 3-6 mo = 90% recovery |
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TIA |
— Transient Ischemic Accident — FAST: face, arms, speech, time (to call 911) — Intermittent blockage, spasms to vessels — Anticoagulant therapy — Can give rise to a stroke |
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HTN |
— Men have heart disease and HTN earlier until women past their menopausal time (estrogen = cardiac protected) — More probable the older you get — Systolic HTN: left ventricular hypertrophy, arterial system stiffens with age, cardiovascular disease risk factor |
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HTN Stages |
Stage 1: 130-139 / 80-90 Stage 2: 140+ / 90+ HRN Crisis: 180+ / 120+ |
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3 Leading Causes of Death |
1. Heart Disease 2. Cancer 3. COPD |
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COPD |
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease — Influenza and Pneumonia vaccines — Avoid poor air quality — Exacerbation: worsening of respiratory system: cough w. Sputum and dyspnea increases, DOE, weight loss (diff breathing) — 4 stages : stage 4 end stage — Prednisone (glucocorticoid), cheap good for inflammation while in exacerbation, increases blood sugar |
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DM Complications |
1. Retinopathy - yearly eye exams 2. Neuropathy- peripheral nerve pain, check feet daily 3. Nephropathy- renal disease 4. Cardiovascular disease- increased risk for MI and stroke |
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DM: mental and function changes |
Mental status changes: infection, depression, delirium, confusion, physical complaints, fatigue, weak, delay in WBC elevation Function changes: incontinence, sleep, falls, anorexia, dehydration |
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PAD |
Peripheral Arterial Disease — Arteriosclerosis, decreased oxygen to extremities, intermittent claudication, pain with elevation, red-purple dependency, skin w.o hair, thickening of nails — Should walk: help blood flow, painful |
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Sleep Cycle vs OA Sleep |
80 min NREM (4 stages non rapid eye movement), followed by 10 min REM, repeated 4-6 times each night —OA: quality of night sleep decreases (quantity in 24 hours unchanged), increase in stage 1 and 2, decrease in stage 3 and 4, REM declines, sleep latency (diff. falling asleep), sleep efficiency (staying asleep), daytime naps |
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PSG and EDS |
Polysomnography - sleep study Excessive daytime sleepiness |
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Falls and Risk factors |
1. Death from complications 2. Caucasian men 85+ highest 3. History of previous falls 4. 95% sustain hip fracture 5. Rib fracture mortality 20-30% 6. Occur at home |
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Elder abuse risk factors |
1. 75+ age, female 2. Physical/cognitive impairments 3. 90% from relatives 4. Occurs most at home |
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DSS and PSE |
Department of social services and protective services for the elderly Nurses are mandated reporters for elder abuse |
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Dementia |
— Neurocognitive Disorder (NCD) — Age #1 risk factor (More common with women bc they live longer) — 5th leading cause of death 65+ — Mild and major (independent living) — Most common: Alzheimer’s |
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A’s of Dementia |
Amnesia: anterograde/inability to make new memory or retrograde/loss of memory from now Aphasia: disorder of language/speech Apraxia: inability/forget how to do a motor act Agnosia: inability to recognize something/someone |
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MMSE |
Mini Mental State Exam Assessment Mild dementia: 18-26 / 30 Moderate: 10-18 Severe: <10 |
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Anhedonia |
Inability to feel pleasure |
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GDS |
Geriatric depression scale Severe depression >11 with 5-9 symptoms Less severe >6 with <5 symptoms Cornell scale for depression in dementia: >12 = probable depression |
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AD, VaD, DLB, FTD |
AD: Alzheimer’s, high anxiety and phobias VaD: vascular dementia, affective disturbances, depression DLB: dementia of Lewy bodies, hallucinations and delusions FTD: frontotemporal Disease, profound change in personality, social conduct, activity disturbances |
