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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define psychosocial effects
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complex distress, dysfunction, and disability manifested in a wide range of psychological, social, and behavioural outcomes as a consequence of ACTUAL OR PERCEIVED environmental contamination
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define noise
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unwanted sound, derived from noxia "injury or hurt"
perceived as an ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSOR and NUISANCE |
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what is the DB range that we know can have auditory effects with long term exposure?
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85-90 dB
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what is the dB for near silence, a whisper, and a gunshot?
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0, 15, 140 dB
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how is a dB calculated
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10 dB is ten times more POWERFUL than near total silence
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Hearing damage and dB
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110 dB regular exposure of 1 more than 1 minute permanent hearing loss
100 dB no more than 15 minutes unprotected exposure RECOMMENDED 85 dB PROLONGED exposure to any noise above 85 decibals can cause gradual hearing loss |
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by how much do earbuds increase sound intensity?
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6-9 dB
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what percent of canadians report being highly by noise (especially by road traffic noise?)
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8%
so we are talking about SMALL EFFECTS but lots of people experiencing noise annoyance |
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dose response relationships have been documented in response to noise
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(fear, anger, belief of harm)
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where are all the DALY's with noise pollution?
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sleep disturbance, noise annoyance (very small DALY'S attributable to auditory effects by comparison)
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what has PH focused on with noise pollution?
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HEARING PROTECTION rather than NOISE REDUCTION
Other challenges of studying noise: is exposure to noise a marker for other things going on in the workplace or at home? are the effects mediated by annoyance? |
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hypothesis about noise pollution and BP
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stress due to persistent environmental noise exposure could result in permanent vascular changes and ischaemic heart disease as potential outcomes
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study on noise pollution in Sweden layout
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667 respondents
exposure estimated from noise MODELS AND ASSESSMENTS oversampled people near highways (stratified sampling) hypertension defined as diagnosis in the past 5 years |
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study on noise pollution in Sweden findings
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higher for female (Female go to the dr more), higher with less glass and higher duration of residence, lower for buildings built later, higher for house than apt, higher when the bedroom window was oriented towards the street
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limitations of the sweden study
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women-more likely to go to dr?
Hypertension rates too low because people don't go to dr enough? did they get the noise exposure right? difficult to measure |
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airport noise and children's cognitive development-layout
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3000 9-10 year olds in Europe
children selected by exposure (contour maps, modelling, on site measurements) matched schools WITHIN countries for SES (issue-areas with high levels of noise are often SOCIALLY DEPRIVED, and children from areas of high social deprivation perform poorly on reading comprehension tests |
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airport noise and children's cognitive development-findings
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measured cognitive and health outcomes using questionnaires in the classroom
impairment of reading comprehension and RECOGNITION memory, and non-linear association with annoyance results stood after adjustment for mother's education, ses, longstanding illness, and EXTENT OF INSULATION OF THE CLASSROOM |
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why was there an association for plane but not traffic noise with impaired reading comprehension etc?
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sound that varies over time worse, maybe plane sounds cause higher AROUSAL and its the AROUSAL that interferes with reading comprehension
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