Nrs 352 Chapter 5 Terms

Front 1

Pedagogy

Back 1

The art and science of helping children to learn.

Front 2

Object Permanence

Back 2

Toward the end of the second year of life, a child realizes that objects and events exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched.

Front 3

causality

Back 3

The ability to grasp a cause-and-effect relationship between two paired, successive events, which is an elementary concept that begins to develop during toddlerhood.

Front 4

animistic thinking

Back 4

The tendency of preschoolers to endow inanimate objects with life and consciousness; the belief that objects possess human characteristics.

Front 5

syllogistical reasoning

Back 5

The ability to consider two premises and draw a logical conclusion from them, which is a cognitive skill developed in middle to late childhood.

Front 6

conservation

Back 6

The ability to recognize that the properties of an object stay the same even though its appearance and position may change, which is a concept mastered during middle to late childhood.

Front 7

imaginary audience

Back 7

A type of social thinking that explains the pervasive self-consciousness of adolescents who may feel embarrassed because they believe everyone is looking at them, which has considerable influence over their behavior.

Front 8

personal fable

Back 8

A type of social thinking that leads adolescents to believe that they are invulnerable or invincible, which can result in them engaging in risk-taking behavior.

Front 9

andragogy

Back 9

The art and science of helping adults learn; a term coined by Knowles to describe his theory of adult learning.

Front 10

dialectical thinking

Back 10

The ability to search for complex and changing understandings to find a variety of solutions to any given situation (to see the bigger picture) which is characteristic of middle-aged adults.

Front 11

ageism

Back 11

Prejudice against the older adult that perpetuates the negative stereotyping of aging as a period of decline.

Front 12

gerogogy

Back 12

The art and science of teaching the older adults.

Front 13

crystallized intelligence

Back 13

The intellectual ability developed over a lifetime, which includes such elements as vocabulary, general information, understanding of social interactions, arithmetic reasoning, and capacity to evaluate experiences, which tends to increase over time as a person ages.

Front 14

fluid intelligence

Back 14

The intellectual capacity to perceive relationships, to reason, and to perform abstract thinking, which declines over time as degenerative changes occur with aging.