Nrp 516 - Skin, Hair, & Nails

Front 1

Purpura

Back 1

red purple non-blanchable discoloration greater than 0.5 cm diameter (cause - intravascular defects, infection)

Front 2

Macule

Back 2

a flat circumscribed area that is a change in the color of skin; less than 1 cm in diameter (freckles, flat moles (nevi), petechiae, measles, scarlet fever

Front 3

Papule

Back 3

an elevated, firm, circumscribed area; less than 1 cm in diameter (wart (verruca), elevated moles, lichen planus)

Front 4

Patch

Back 4

a flat nonpalpable, irregular-shaped macule greater than 1 cm in diameter (vitiligo, port-wine stains, Mongolian spots, cafe au lait patch)

Front 5

Plaque

Back 5

elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter (psoriasis, seborrheic, and actinic keratoses)

Front 6

Wheal

Back 6

elevated, irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid, transient, variable diameter (insect bites, urticaria, allergic reaction)

Front 7

Nodule

Back 7

elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion; deeper in dermis than a papule; 1 to 2 cm in diameter (erythema nodosum, lipoma)

Front 8

Tumor

Back 8

elevated and solid lesion; may or may not be clearly demarcated; deeper in dermis; greater than 2 cm in diameter (neoplasms, benign tumors, lipoma)

Front 9

Vesicle

Back 9

elevated, circumscribed, superficial, not into dermis; filled with serous fluid; less than 1 cm in diameter (varicella (chicken pox), herpes zoster (shingles)

Front 10

Bulla

Back 10

vesicle greater than 1 cm in diameter (blister; pemphigus vulgaris)

Front 11

Pustule

Back 11

elevated, superficial lesion; similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid (impetigo, acne)

Front 12

Cyst

Back 12

elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated lesion; in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with liquid or semisolid material (sebaceous cyst, cystic acne)

Front 13

Telangiectasia

Back 13

fine, irregular, red lines produced by capillary dilation (telangiectasia in rosacea)

Front 14

Scale

Back 14

heaped-up, keratinized cells; flaky skin; irregular; thick or thin; dry or oily; variation in size (flaking of skin with seborrheic dermatitis following scarlet fever or flaking of skin following a drug reaction; dry skin)

Front 15

Lichenification

Back 15

rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or skin irritation; often involves flexor surface of extremity (chronic dermatitis)

Front 16

Keloid

Back 16

irregular-shaped, elevated, progressively enlarging scar; grows beyond the boundaries of the wound; caused by excessive collagen formation during healing (keloid formation following surgery)

Front 17

Scar

Back 17

thin to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin following injury or laceration to the dermis (healed wound or surgical incision)

Front 18

Excoriation

Back 18

loss of the epidermis; linear hollowed-out crusted area (abrasion or scratch, scabies)

Front 19

Fissure

Back 19

linear crack or break from epidermis to the dermis; may be moist or dry (athlete's foot, cracks at the corner of the mouth)

Front 20

Erosion

Back 20

loss of part of the epidermis; depressed, moist, glistening follows rupture of a vesicle or bulla (varicella, variola after rupture)

Front 21

Ulcer

Back 21

loss of epidermis and dermis; concave; varies in size (decubiti, stasis ulcers)

Front 22

Crust

Back 22

dried serum, blood, or purulent exudates; slightly elevated; size varies, brown, red, black, tan or straw-colored (Scab on abrasion, eczema)

Front 23

Atrophy

Back 23

thinning of skin surface and loss of skin markings; skin translucent and paper-like (striae, aged skin)

Front 24

What are the three layers of skin

Back 24

Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue

Front 25

What are the layers of the epidermis?

Back 25

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum germinativum

Front 26

What are the layers of the dermis

Back 26

papillary layer, reticular layer, and elastic fibers

Front 27

Vernix caseosa

Back 27

a mixture of sebum and cornified epidermis, covers the infant's body at birth

Front 28

The nails are what kind of cells?

Back 28

epidermal cells converted to hard plates of keratin

Front 29

Lanugo

Back 29

fine, silky hared that covers a newborn's shoulders and back

Front 30

Nevi's are

Back 30

moles

Front 31

Purpura

Back 31

red purple non-blanchable discoloration greater than 0.5 cm diameter (cause - intravascular defects, infection)

Front 32

Petechiae

Back 32

red-purple nonblanchable discoloration less than 0.5 cm diameter (cause - intravascular defects, infection)

Front 33

Ecchymoses

Back 33

red-purple nonblanchable discoloration of variable size (cause - vascular distruction, trauma, vasculitis)

Front 34

Spider angioma

Back 34

red central body with radiating spiderlike legs that blanch with pressure to the central body (cause - liver disease, vitamin B deficiency, idiopathic)

Front 35

Venous star

Back 35

bluish spider, linear or irregularly shaped; does not blanch with pressure (cause - increased pressure in superficial vein)

Front 36

Telangiectasia

Back 36

fine, irregular red line (cause - dilation of capillaries)

Front 37

Capillary hemangioma

Back 37

(nevus flammeus) - red irregular macular patches (cause - dilation of dermal capillaries)