Nrcm 299 Final

Front 1

A biotic community and its abiotic environment is referred to as a _________

Back 1

Ecosystem

Front 2

The term "ecology" is defined as the study of the ___________

Back 2

Relationships between organisms and their environemnt

Front 3

The term for following bodies of water is ________

Back 3

Lotic

Front 4

The biosphere is ____________

Back 4

the thin layer surrounding the
Earth that supports all life

Front 5

An organism that lives in a deep marine environment may exhibit the following physical characterists, except:

Back 5

colorful skin pigmentation

Front 6

The region of the vertical depth profile where water temperature declines most rapidly is the ________

Back 6

Thermocline

Front 7

Which of the following is considered a biotic component of the ecosystem?

Back 7

Microbes

Front 8

Habitability

Back 8

is the ability of the physical environmet to support life

Front 9

Which of the following bodies of water best represents a lotic ecosystems?

Back 9

Spring

Front 10

In lakes and ponds, decomposition occurs primarily in the _________

Back 10

benthic zone

Front 11

In ponds and lakes, the zone beneath the depth of effective light pentration but above the bottom is reffered to as the ________

Back 11

profundal zone

Front 12

Which of the following is the correct ecological hierarchy (from smallest unit to largest unit) of a daisy?

Back 12

individual organism, population, community, landscape

Front 13

A classification of plant formations and associated animal life into biotic units based on the predominant plant types, with at least eight major terrstrial types, is reffered to as a _______

Back 13

biome

Front 14

Which of the following is an incorrect match?

Back 14

subpolar low: right-deflected, southward-flowing streams of air

Front 15

The vegetation or tundra is dominated by _________

Back 15

short plants such as sedges, heaths, and willow

Front 16

True of False

Topographic features, such as mountains and valley, influences the climate of a region

Back 16

True

Front 17

True or False

In temperate deciduous forests the greatest concentration and diversity of life occurs in the canopy

Back 17

False

Front 18

True of False

The dry forests of tropical regions are reffered to as tropical savannas

Back 18

False

Front 19

True of False

Wetlands subjected to a long hydroperiod support more submerged and deep-water emergents than wetlands with a shorter hydroperiod

Back 19

True

Front 20

True or False

The complicated circulaton of air in Earth's atmosphere is due to both Earth's rotation and irregular land masses on Earth's surface

Back 20

True

Front 21

True or False

Tundra occurs only at high latitudes in polar regions

Back 21

False

Front 22

True or False

Ecology only examines the impact of natual processes and ignores the influence of human activity on the environment

Back 22

False

Front 23

True or False

The independent evolution of a similar characteristic in two different species not derived from a recent, common ancestor is reffered to as convergent evolution

Back 23

True

Front 24

Ture or False

Biogeography is the study of the distribution and abundace or orgaisms

Back 24

False

Front 25

True or False

In the tropical latitudes, the length of the dry season increases with distance from the equator

Back 25

True

Front 26

True or False

The largest and most continuous region of tropical rain forest in the world is in South America

Back 26

True

Front 27

True or False

Rainfall in the Southern Hemisphere is greater than rainfall in the Northern Hemisphere because the oceans cover a greater portion of the Southern Hemisphere

Back 27

True

Front 28

True or False

Ecology is the same as environmentalism

Back 28

False

Front 29

True or False

A population refers to all the individuls of the same species that occupy a given area

Back 29

True

Front 30

Wetlands domiated by emergent herbaceous vegetaion are called swamps

Back 30

Fale

Front 31

The ________ effect can rise temperatures from 6 degrees to 8 above those in the surrounding countryside

Back 31

urban heat

Front 32

The highest level of organization of ecological systems is the _______

Back 32

Biosphere

Front 33

All populations of different species living and interacting within an ecosystem are reffered to as a ________

Back 33

community

Front 34

Leave that live for more than a year are classified as ________

Back 34

evergreen

Front 35

The duration, frequency, depth, and season of flooding of a freshwater period are collectively reffered to as the ________

Back 35

hydroperiod

Front 36

The _______ are formed by the air that reaches Earth's poles, slowly sinks to the surface, and flows southward is deflected by the Coriolis effect

Back 36

Polar easterlies

Front 37

At the ______ level, communites and ecosystems are linked through precesses such as dispersal of organisms

Back 37

landscape

Front 38

The ________ forms the basic unit in ecology

Back 38

individual

Front 39

Radiation at higher latitudes is spread out over a large area because of the angle of the incidence and the ________

Back 39

distance

Front 40

________ is the scientific study of the relationship between organisms and their environment

Back 40

ecology

Front 41

The deflection of air masses to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere is called the ________

Back 41

coriolis effect

Front 42

A _______ climate is characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, moist winters

Back 42

Meditteranean

Front 43

________ forests typically grow in the intertidal zone of tropical coasts where wave action is absent, sediments accumulate, and the mude are anoxic

Back 43

Mangroves

Front 44

A ________ is a classification of plant formations and associated animal life into biotic untis based on the predominant plant types, wtih at least eight major terrestrial types

Back 44

Biome

Front 45

An allelethat completely masks the effects of another allele is considered _______

Back 45

Dominant

Front 46

If birds with larger beaks are favored by the environment, it is likely that ________ selection will occur

Back 46

directional

Front 47

A bimodal distribution of a trait in a population is the result of _______

Back 47

Disruptive selection

Front 48

A change in allele frequeny due to random chance is known as ______

Back 48

Genetic drift

Front 49

Reversible phenotypic changes of an individual organism in response to changing envionmental conditions are reffered to as _______

Back 49

Acclimation

Front 50

Which of the followingis considered a plant adaptation to low-nutrient environments?

Back 50

Increased leaf longevity

Front 51

Pneumatophores are typical of plants (particularly trees)

Back 51

Exposed to fluctuating water levels

Front 52

The true measure of an organism's reproductive success is

Back 52

Its fitness

Front 53

The mating system which males and females mate with one or many of the opposite sex and form no pair bond is known as

Back 53

Promiscuity

Front 54

Direct, aggressive competition among individuals for the opportunity mate with the opposite sex is characteristic of ________

Back 54

Intrsexual selection

Front 55

As an individual _______ its reproductive effort, it _______ its survivorship

Back 55

Increases; decreases

Front 56

The more seeds that a plant produces in a single reproductive episode, the ______ of each seed

Back 56

Smaller the size

Front 57

The reproductive strategy in which relatively few young are produced at repeated intervals during an individual's life cycle is referred to as ________

Back 57

Iteroparity

Front 58

Altricial young are relatively

Back 58

helpless at birth and require a relatively long time for inubation/gestation

Front 59

Asynchronous hatching

Back 59

favors the survival of the early hatched young

Front 60

A species that displays an iteroparous life strategy is also most likely to be which of the following?

Back 60

K-selected

Front 61

What is not a characteristic of an adaptation?

Back 61

None of the above

Front 62

Which of the following is an example of a morphological adaptation:

Back 62

webbed feet on a duck

Front 63

Which of the following is NOT a typical caracteristic of a drought evader:

Back 63

deep roots to retrieve water

Front 64

Growing thicker fur in the winter is an example of:

Back 64

Acclimation

Front 65

Which of the following terms is a classification of a plant adapted to dry areas

Back 65

Xerophyte

Front 66

True or False

Heritability is not an essential feature of natura selection

Back 66

False

Front 67

True or False

Submerged aquatic plants typially have stomata

Back 67

False

Front 68

True or False

An individual's fitness is defined by the number of offspring it produces

Back 68

False

Front 69

True or False

Female choice is most apparent in situations in which males congregate at a lek

Back 69

True

Front 70

True or False

Species that are K-strategists tend to develop more rapidly than those that are r-strategists

Back 70

False

Front 71

True or False

Evolution is defined as a change in phenotypic frequencies over time in a population

Back 71

True

Front 72

True or False

Disruprive selection favors individuals possessing traits near the mean value of a population

Back 72

False

Front 73

In animals, a cycle of physiological activity that occurs within a 24 hour period is called a __________

Back 73

circadian rhythm

Front 74

_________ are plants that live in water or in soils which are saturated with water

Back 74

hydrophytes

Front 75

A ________ is a measurable, gradual change over a geographic region in the average value of a trait

Back 75

cline

Front 76

A ________ is a populaion that has adapted to its unique local environmental conditions

Back 76

ecotype

Front 77

The process by which one species gives to multiple species that exploit different features of the environment is called _________

Back 77

adaptive radiation

Front 78

The ability of a genotype to give rise to a variety of phenotypic expressions under different environmental conditions is called ________

Back 78

phenotypic plasticity

Front 79

An organism's _________ is its lifetime pattern of growth, development, and reproduction

Back 79

Life history

Front 80

________ selection favors individuals possessing traits near the mean value of the population

Back 80

Stabilizing

Front 81

Which of the following is accurate regarding hosts and parasites:

Back 81

Hosts adapt to avoid or minimize the effects of parasites, while parasites adapt to become less virulent to allow for cotinued persistance upon a host

Front 82

Ants living on acacia trees is an example of ________

Back 82

Mutualism

Front 83

Which of the following is NOT an example of mutualism:

Back 83

Hermit crabs and gastropod shells

Front 84

Drone flies exhibit what type of defensive adaptation:

Back 84

Batesian Mimicry

Front 85

Which of the following is an adaptation to reduce parasitic invasions

Back 85

All of the above

Front 86

If a territorial animal secures access to a particular resource and keeps out other idividuals, this is called:

Back 86

Interference competition

Front 87

The outcome of competition can be influenced by which of these factors?

Back 87

All of the above

Front 88

Co-evolution can occur in which of the following types of species interactions:

Back 88

All of the above

Front 89

Which of the following is more true regarding predator-prey dynamics?

Back 89

Both predators and prey can control the abundance of the

Front 90

What impact(s) can parasites have upon host organims?

Back 90

All of the above

Front 91

A population that is decreasing in size has an intrinsic rate of population growth (r) that is ______

Back 91

<0

Front 92

Colonizing populations generally exhibit ______ populaiton growth while they established in a new environment

Back 92

Exponential

Front 93

Which of the following equations reflects the exponential model of population growth?

Back 93

dN/dt=rN

Front 94

In a life table, the value lx represents the

Back 94

The probablility at birth of surviving to any given age

Front 95

A _______ survivorship curve is typical of humans and other mammals, in which survival rate is high throughout the lifespan followed by heavy mortality at the end.

Back 95

type I

Front 96

A group of species in a community that all exploit the same common resources is called a

Back 96

guild

Front 97

The movement of individuals in space is called

Back 97

Dispersal

Front 98

Which of the following is not a feature of a population?

Back 98

number of species

Front 99

The most common spatial distribution of individuals within a populaiton is

Back 99

clumped

Front 100

Which of the following is the correct heirarchy of the population concept?

Back 100

Locan population<metapopulation<subspecies<species

Front 101

Competition in which the occupation of space by one individual prevents establishment in that space by another individual is reffered to as __________ competition

Back 101

Preemption

Front 102

Which of the following is considered a predator?

Back 102

Omnivore

Front 103

Which of the following is functionally a true predator?

Back 103

Planktivore

Front 104

According to the Lotka-Volterra equations, which of the following is not an expected outcome of competitive interactions between two species?

Back 104

The population sizes of both species incease to infinity

Front 105

The portion of potential resources and conditions that an organism actually exploits as a result of interactions with other species is its _________

Back 105

Realized niche

Front 106

When two or more organisms use a portion of the same resources simultaneously, it is referres to as

Back 106

Nich overlap

Front 107

Species diversity is known to change during succssion. Diversity tends to peak when?

Back 107

At intermediate levels of disturbance and in mid-successional stages

Front 108

The net outcome of predator-prey interactions is that

Back 108

Predator and prey populations oscillate, with each predictably increasing and decreasin in response to the other

Front 109

Which of the following statements in true regarding keystone species:

Back 109

Prarie dogs are keystone species because their activities provide habitat for many other species and promote greater plant diversity

Front 110

If 2 species of birds that live on a mountain restrict their ranges so that there is no overlap in their ranges (one at higher altitudes, one at lower),then this is an example of ________. If one species disappeared and the other re-expanded its range, this would be an example of ________

Back 110

Niche differentiation, competitive release

Front 111

In the same hypothetical situation, if the 2 species remained separate over long periods of time and genetic change occurred that led to phenotypic differences, this is called:

Back 111

Character displacement

Front 112

The view that each species in a community has adaptations that enable them to live alongside others in the community under a particular set of physical and biological conditions,but they do not share a common evolutionary history, is called the:

Back 112

Individualistic Concept of Communities

Front 113

In ecological succession, pioneer species are most likely to be ________ while late-successional species ae most likely to be ________

Back 113

r-selected, K-selected

Front 114

Indirect interactions occur when

Back 114

One species does not interact with a second species but influenes a third species, which interacts directly with the second

Front 115

Food webs can be arranged into _______ levels base on whether organisms obtain their nutrition from phoyosynthesis, from eating plants, or from eating animals

Back 115

Trophic

Front 116

When populations at a given trophic level are controlled by populations in the trophic level above them, they are said to be under

Back 116

top-down control

Front 117

The ________ mode proposes that later successional species are neither inhibited nor aided by species or earlier stages, and they establish themselves independently of species that precede or follow them

Back 117

Tolerance

Front 118

True or False

Transmission is where endoparasites escape during larval stage of development to make contact with the next host

Back 118

True

Front 119

True or False

Microparasites are relatively large and include flatworms, roundwords, flukes, etc...

Back 119

False

Front 120

True or False

Commensalism is an interaction where both species benefit from the association

Back 120

False

Front 121

True or False

Interspecific competition is an interaction between numbrs of the same species

Back 121

False

Front 122

True or False

Populaton size is influenced only by birth, death, immigration, and emigration

Back 122

True

Front 123

_________ is a temporal change in community composition and structure

Back 123

Succession

Front 124

The sequence of communities from the pioneer community to the climax community is called a _________

Back 124

sere

Front 125

Succession that occurs on a site that was previously occupied by another community is called ________ succession

Back 125

secondary

Front 126

_________ environmenal change is change that is a direct results of the organisms within the community

Back 126

autogenic

Front 127

The maximum sustainable population size for the prevailing environment is called the _________

Back 127

carrying capasity

Front 128

_________ involves the development of novel adaptations in predator and prey populations in responce to advances that make each more successful, either at obtaining prey or evading a predator

Back 128

Coevolution

Front 129

The factors that influence a populaiton in proportion to its size are called ________ factors

Back 129

density dependent

Front 130

_________ occurs when individuals use a common resource that is in short supply relative to the number seeking it

Back 130

Competition

Front 131

_________ population maintains positive growh rate, producing a surplus of individuals who immigrate elsewhere

Back 131

Source

Front 132

Competition among individuals of the same species is referred to as _________ competition

Back 132

Intraspecific

Front 133

When competing individuals deplete a shared resources without direct interaction, it is called __________ competition

Back 133

exploitation

Front 134

_________ growth is the inverse relationship between population density and individual growth

Back 134

density dependent

Front 135

A _________ consists of a group of local,interacting subpopulations that are linked by dispersal

Back 135

metapopulation

Front 136

At the _______ scale, population dynaimcs are governed by the interaction of local popultions

Back 136

regional

Front 137

Metapopulation persistence is a dynamic balance between the _________ and (re)colonization of empty habitat patches

Back 137

extinction

Front 138

A ______ populaiton cannot support a positive population growth and is only able to persist when idividuals immigrate from elsewhere

Back 138

sink

Front 139

At the _______, or within-patch scale, individuals move and interact with each other in the course of their routine feeding and breeding activities

Back 139

local

Front 140

_________ occurs when a species expands its niche in response to the removal of a competitor

Back 140

competitive release

Front 141

_________ is a defense mechanism in which a similar color pattern is shared by many unpalatable or venemous species

Back 141

Melerian mimicry

Front 142

___________ is the intimate and protracted association betweeen two or more organisms of different species

Back 142

symbiosis

Front 143

________ refers to the proportion of individuals in differentage classes

Back 143

age structure