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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A non-progressive disorder of movement and posture caused by a lesion in the immature brain.
- Considered a CNS neurological disorder - Abnormal muscle tone = hallmark sign - 90% develop this condition because of some type of traumatic event prior to, at, or just after birth. - It's an acquired condition |
Cerebral Palsy
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What are some factors that put a child at RISK for Cerebral Palsy (CP)?
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1. Low birth weight can increase risk by 20X.
2. Premature birth increases risk by 5X. 3. Infections such as CMV, rubella, & toxoplasmosis 4. Car accident 5. Child abuse 6. Hydrocephalus 7. Neonatal meningitis 8. Intrauterine ischemic event 9. Teratogens introduced by mother including alcohol, drugs, smoking. 10. Perinatal asphyxia |
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What is the proper classification for the following injuries?
a) injury to pyramidal cells = ? b) injury to basal ganglia = ? c) injury to cerebellum = ? |
a) spastic
b) athetoid c) ataxic |
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Hypotonicity is the hallmark sign accompanied by problems with:
- equilibrium - motion awareness - sense of direction - fine motor ability |
Ataxic
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Hypertonicity is the hallmark sign accompanied by:
- muscle stiffness - co-contraction - irritability Ex: Diplegia, Hemiplegia, Quadriplegia |
Spastic
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Slow writhing movements along with involuntary movements that interfere with:
- normal motor function - gaze anomalies - drooling - abnormal gait |
Athetoid
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An example of a spastic condition where the legs are more affected than arms. Common pre-term infants
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Diplegia
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In cerebral palsy, which visual characteristics are important?
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1) Hyperopia > myopia, astigmatism
2) There's a greater amount of esotropia than exotropia. 3) Accommodative dysfunctions 4) Amblyopia 5) Nystagmus 6) Oculomotor dysfunctions of pursuits & saccades. 7) Gaze limitations or paresis 8) Lesions in white matter surrounding lateral ventricles account for VF defect that we find 9) Visual perceptual disorders |
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A group of developmental disabilities characterized by atypical development in:
- Socialization - Communication - Behavior Multi-system disorder with documented abnormalities in: - Immune system - GI system - Metabolism = diet plays an important role in the tx of these patients |
Autism
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Which condition occurs in ALL racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups? Cerebral Palsy or Autism?
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Autism
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What are some associated abnormalities found in autism?
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1. Cognitive functioning
2. Attention 3. Learning 4. Sensory processing |
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What are some characteristics of Asperger's?
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It's a higher functioning form of autism.
- Don't have much of a language delay - Usually has average to above average IQ - Delay in social, emotional, & behavioral skills |
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What are some Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)?
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1. Autism
2. Asperger's Syndrome 3. Rett Syndrome 4. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder 5. Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) |
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10% of children with ASD have which 3 types of associated identifiable disorder?
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1. Fragile X
2. Down's Syndrome 3. Tuberous sclerosis |
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What are some important facts regarding gender influence in Autism?
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1) Boys are 4X more likely to have Autism than girls
2) Girls manifest a MORE severe form! |
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What are some RISK Factors & possible CAUSES of Autism?
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1. Genetics
2. Environmental Factors 3. Drug use during pregnancy 4. Possible critical period for developing Autism may occur before birth 5. Some still believe vaccines may be causative |
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What are 2 specific drugs used during pregnancy in Autism?
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1. Thalidomide
2. Valproic Acid |
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What vaccine is given at birth in Autism?
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Hepatitis B vaccine
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The following clinical characteristics demonstrates which type of condition? Cerebral Palsy or Autism?
- poor fixation - use side vision - difficulty with social interaction - limited speech, deficits in language development - vocal when upset or overwhelmed - echolalia = repetition of phrases over and over - delay in responses - stimming behaviors (flapping of hands) |
Autism
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What are some characteristics of Autistic patients?
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1. Hypersensitive or hyposensitive to touch, taste, smell, or sounds.
2. Fears that may be irrational 3. Difficulty relating to people and objects 4. Tendency to be anxious around people 5. "Symptoms are NOT problems but rather a patient's solutions to the problems." 6. Abnormal posture/sits awkwardly to feel the chair 7. Fidgeting/Touching everything 8. A need for sameness |
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What are some typical visual findings in Autism?
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1. Convergence Insufficiency
2. Oculomotor Dysfunction of pursuits 3. Nystagmus 4. Strabismus 5. Binocular Dysfunction 6. Poor visualization necessary for imaginative play 7. Poor integration of central & peripheral visual systems |
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What are some visual behaviors that should be inquired about in Autism?
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1. Stares at objects or patterns
2. Light sensitivity 3. Bumps into objects 4. Difficulty making eye contact 5. Widens eyes when asked to look 6. Flaps hands or flicks objects in front of eyes 7. Fascinated by lights and shadows 8. Touches walls or tables when moving through space |
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What are some examples of HYPERsensitive autisic behaviors?
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1. Covers ears
2. Avoids messy foods 3. Ticklish 4. Picky about clothing 5. Gags at NEW foods 6. Picky eater 7. Blinks excessively 8. Gets car sick 9. Covers eyes 10. Poor eye contact |
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What are some examples of HYPOsensitive autistic behaviors?
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1. Attracted to sounds
2. Ignores food on face 3. Self-injurious behavior 4. Touches everything 5. HIGH pain tolerance 6. Poor focus 7. Lacks awareness 8. Flicks fingers by eyes 9. Wiggles and squirms 10. Rocks back and forth |
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What are some treatment methods of vision problems in special populations?
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Correct refractive error in impact resistant material.
1. Consider prism if patient is strabismic & diplopic 2. Yoked prisms to aid with posture or to get them to their null point in cases with nystagmus 3. Consider a separate pair for NEAR for items like computers or speech assisting devices. |
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Vision Therapy is used to work on what problems in special populations?
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1. visual efficency
2. perceptual problems |
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"Little Disease" is known as what?
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spastic diplegia
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