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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Paired arthropathy, took ibuprofin for a sore throat, what would you check next
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ASO titers
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Diarrheal illnesses that cause problems?
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E. coli- O157-H7 stool assay
bloody diarrhea Giardia- foul smelling |
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Only two sensitive tests for H.pylori that decrease with successful tx?
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Nitrogen breath test
serum salivary or stool IgA |
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Recently eaten at 7/11 or children in day care with diarrhea and jaundice?
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Hep A
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What testing for HSV 1 and 2
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PCR
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HIV diagnosis?
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1st ELISA- anti HIV titers
Confirmed by western blot |
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Earliest diagnosis of HIV?
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PCR but expensive
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Drugs that kill fungus by disrupting cell wall??
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Nystatin- intestinal (GI does not absorb), vaginal, mucosal, for candida
Miconazole or clotrimazole-tinea pedis, cruris, versicolor, corporis, cutaneous or vulvovaginal candidiasis Adverse effects: contact derm Remember: topical only, if it can kill a fungus it can kill a human |
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Drugs that kill fungus by being fungicidal?
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griseofulvin- can be absorbed orally and is teratogenic
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Used as a osmotic agent that kills everything?
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Boric acid, causes a lot of discharge
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Used in infants for oral candida?
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gentian violet, it is a dye
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Triazole class
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-conazole, is an antifungal, inhibits P450 and fungus has a hard time maintaining cell wall, acute liver problems can occur
Fluconazole- is most commonly used |
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Used for fingernail and toenail fungus?
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check liver fx at the beginning and 6 weeks, terbinafine
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What scabies or pediculosis drugs are CNS toxic?
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Lindane
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Kills worms? side effects?
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Mebendazole, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever; d/t dead worm in system
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what amoeba, giardia killer when taken with alcohol causes liver problems or GI sickness?
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metronidazole, kills clostridial species, trich, when taken with ETOH can cause liver failure (dark pee and light poop) can happen after 2 doses without alcohol
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Side effects of ABX?think about what it does
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dysbiosis, KI failure with IV abx, superinfx
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Target the cell wall? Used in the EENT system, some GI, syphilis
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Penicillin- gram positive some gram neg., some bugs that should die don't b/c they have B-lactamase
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What is the drug that has amoxicillin but works against B-lactamase?
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Amoxacillin plus clavulanate (Augmentin)
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1st generation cephalosprin
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cephalexin- URI, GI, cutaneous and soft tissue infections
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What do you never give a pt that has a rxn to penicillin?
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cephalosporins- NEVER EVER
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Macrolides end in -romycin, which one is CI in pregnancy?
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Erythromycin
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Which macrolides are ok in pregnancy?
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Azithromycin
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Why use macrolides?
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URI like diseases; pertussis ; give to those that are sensitive to B-lactame drugs
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Why use tetracyclines?
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picks up a lot of gram - bacteria including chlamydia and lyme disease or lung infx
Used in acne |
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Why are tetracyclines used in acne?
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somewhat anti-inflammatory
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When should you not use tetracycline?
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Children younger than 9 yo d/t teeth discoloration
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How do sulfonamides work?
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beat up the bacteria, interfere with folic acid synthesis
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What is a bad side effect of sulfa drugs?
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SJS- swollen mucous membranes can cause death, stop an ABX with rash
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Nitrofurantoin, what is it used for and when should it never ever be used?
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used for only UTI, never used in 2nd/ 3rd trimester causes a hemolytic anemia
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What is a bad side effect of fluoroquinolones?? When should you never ever use?
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Tendon rupture most likely achilles, DO NOT USE UNDER 18, any muskuloskeletal effects STOP
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fluoroquinolones have FLOX in their name, why use them?
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wide spectrum, interferes with bacterial DNA slows yours down-this makes sense for its adverse effects
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Why use aminoglycosides? non-romycin abx (omycin or amycin)
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Used for serious infx but have serious side effects, broad spectrum
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Side effects of aminoglycosides?
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severe ototoxicity, CNS toxic
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What works against TB? What are their side effects?
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Isoniazid-
Rifampin- Rifabutin ALL ARE HEPATOTOXIC- you take them for a long time, all cause macrocytic anemia d/t B-6 deficiency |
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What is neosporins very bad side effect?
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contact dermatitis rash
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If you had a choice between neosporin or bacitracin for a person who has never used it, which would you use??
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Bacitracin
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Used for severe skin dz?
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Mupirocin- MRSA, Impetigo
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Antivirals that work for HSV? and are probably one of the safest anti- anything
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Acyclovir
Valacyclovir- liver activates it into acyclovir therebye bypassing 1st pass effect- 1qd Famcyclovir- 1qd |
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What makes these cyclovirs work?
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They stop the new baby virals growth (inhibits replication), it does not decrease total load; best used with immune support
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What is used in psoriasis topically??
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calcipotriene- D3 analogue
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What is used topically in acne?
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Niacinamide 3-5% B-3, tretinoin (Retin-A)- rebond inflammation and other SE
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What would an infant leave the hospital having in the vaccination world??
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Hepatitis B-- also vitamin K- not a vaccine
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What are CI to vaccination?
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Previous allergic rxn, febrile illness
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What chelates copper?
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Penicillamine- mostly GI SE, used off label in RA
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CI to chelators?
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Poor kidney fx
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What is used for lead chelation?
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EDTA- excessive doses cause renal failure and hypocalcemia
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What is used for mercury chelation?
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Mercury- causes hypomagnesium, can cause depression and suicidal thoughts d/t mercury poisoning
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