Nplex Ii Botanical Medicine Constituents

Front 1

Which consitiuent in Geranium maculata (American cranesbill) makes it contraindicated or inappropriate in cases of Constipation and Iron deficiency?

Back 1

"Tannins;
Tannins may occur up to 25% , as gallic acid."

Front 2

Pseudomelanosis coli associated with Rhamnus purshiana is due to which Constituent?

Back 2

"Anthraquinone glycosides;
Rhamnus purshiana can cause reddish discoloration of the urine and feces. Most indicated for short term use of atonic constipation."

Front 3

Which constituent in Datura stramonium (Jimson weed) is responsible for its strong anticholinergic properties?

Back 3

"Tropane alkaloids-hyoscyamine, hyoscine, Atropine, and scopolamine;
All parts of the plant are toxic, but the greatest amount of alkaloids is contained in ripe seeds. Atropine is a central nervous system stimulant, whereas scopolamine is a central nervous system depressant."

Front 4

What is the active constituent in Eucalyptus globulus (Eucalyptus) that may cause reduction of dental plaque and Gingivitis?

Back 4

"Eucalyptol-70-85% 1,8-cineole;
Listerine, mouth rinse is a combination of essential oils (eucalyptol, menthol, thymol, methyl salicylate) that is efficacious for the reduction of dental plaque and gingivitis."

Front 5

Which constituent in Lycopus virginicus and europeus (Bugleweed) is responsible for its anti-thyroid effects?

Back 5

"Lithospermic acid;
Lithospermic acid and other organic acids are believed to be responsible for it’s anti-thyroid activity. These acids decrease levels of several hormones in the body, particularly thyroid stimulating hormones and thyroxine (T4). Lycopus virginicus inhibits the binding of antibodies to the thyroid gland. The German Commission E monograph recommends 1—2 grams of the whole herb per day. Intake of tincture should be limited to 1—2 ml three times a day."

Front 6

Which constituent in Hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal) contributes to most of its antimicrobial activity?

Back 6

"Alkaloids - berberine;
Other alkaloids are hydrastine, canadine, canadaline and beta-hydrastine."

Front 7

Which constituent in Juglans nigra (Black Walnut) is potentially carcinogenic?

Back 7

Napthoquinone-Juglone

Front 8

Which constituent in Aspidosperma quebracho (quebracho) is responsible for its effects on improving erectile dysfunction?

Back 8

"Yohimbine;
Aspidosperma quebracho in some countries is used to treat erectile dysfunction. The alpha-adrenoceptor mediated component of the pro erectile effects of Aspidosperma quebracho bark extract may predominantly be caused by its Yohimbine content."

Front 9

Which constituent in Tussilago farfara (coltsfoot) may cause hepatotoxicity with long term use?

Back 9

"pyrrolizidine alkaloids;
The German Commission E monograph recommends coltsfoot tea for treating acute catarrh (thick or immovable mucous) of the respiratory tract with coughing and hoarseness and for treating acute or mild inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat. Caution should be used in those with any underlying liver conditions."

Front 10

Which constituent in Rumex crispus (Yellow Dock) causes the cathartic effects in the bowel?

Back 10

"Anthraquinone glycosides;
The traditional use of Rumex is to ‘tonify the blood’. Yellow dock is one of the original plants in the Native American anticancer herbal formula now known as Essiac. In some versions of Essiac tea the Rumex is substituted for the Chaparral (Sheep’s sorrel)."

Front 11

Which constituent in Aloe vera is responsible for its laxative properties?

Back 11

Hydroxyanthraquinones

Front 12

The Flavonoid complex called silymarin from Silybum marianum (milk thistle) is extracted from which part of the plant?

Back 12

"Seeds;
Most preparations are standardized to contain 70% to 80% of flavonolignans (silibinin, silychristin, and silydianin), collectively known as silymarin."

Front 13

Which constituent in Selenicereus grandiflorus (night-blooming cereus) acts like a cardio glycoside?

Back 13

"Hordenine;
Hordenine has positive ionotropic activity."

Front 14

Which constituent in Veratrum album is responsible for the plants toxic cardiovascular effects?

Back 14

"Jervine Alkaloids;
Alkaloid constituents could cause severe bradycardia and may cause a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and effective renal blood flow."

Front 15

Which constituent in Verbena officinalis (verbain) stimulates milk production in lactating women?

Back 15

"Verbenin;
It is also purported to block sympathetic innervation of the heart, blood vessels, intestines, and salivary glands, leaving an unopposed parasympathetic state in these organs."

Front 16

Which constituent in Tanacetum vulgare (Tansy) is toxic and may cause tonic clonic spasm and hepatotoxicity?

Back 16

"Thujone;
The volatile oil of this botanical can cause, tonic clonic spasm, fixed pupils, liver damage, uterine bleeding and reddening of the face. Some traditional herbal texts refer to these Symptoms as the ‘T -rage’."

Front 17

Which constituent in Lomatium dissectum (lomatium) may cause a UV sensitive skin rash?

Back 17

"Furanocoumarins;
Furanocoumarins may cause a diffuse pruritic or ‘measIes like full body rash."

Front 18

Which constituent in Tanacetum parthenium (Feverfew) helps relieve smooth muscle spams?

Back 18

"parthenolide;
It helps prevent the constriction of blood vessels in the brain (one of the leading causes of migraine headaches). . Feverfew supplements with clinical studies contain a standardized dose of parthenolide (the active compound in feverfew). Feverfew supplements should be standardized to contain at least 0.2% parthenolide."

Front 19

Which constituent in Dioscorea villosa (Wild Yam) was once thought to convert into Progesterone?

Back 19

"Diosgenin - steroidal saponin;
Diosgenin cannot convert in human physiology to progesterone. Diosgenin, thought to be the active substance in Dioscorea villosa (wild yam), has been found in animals to reduce absorption of cholesterol from the intestine and to lower total cholesterol levels in the blood."

Front 20

Name the Constituents in Humulus lupulus (hops) responsible for the herbs sedative effects?

Back 20

Volatile oils - humulene, linalool, lupulone, and myrcene

Front 21

Flavonoids and terpenes in Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo) shoulod be standardized to what percentage?

Back 21

"24% Flavonoid glycosides and 6% terpenes;
Fruit pulp causes severe Contact Dermatitis."

Front 22

Which constituent in Arctostaphylos uva ursi (Bearberry) contributes to its antiseptic effects in the urinary tract?

Back 22

"Arbutin;
Arbutin, the main chemical constituent of uva ursi, is a phenolic glycoside that becomes hydrolyzed to hydroquinone."

Front 23

Best known for it's isoflavone content, Trifolium pratense (Red clover) also contains which blood thinning constituent?

Back 23

"coumarins;
Trifolium pratense may increase the risk of bleeding. Trifolium pratense may enhance the effect of blood thinning drugs, as well as herbs and supplements that have blood-thinning effects (e.g. Ginkgo, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum, vitamin E)."

Front 24

Name the hepatotoxic constituent found in Eupatorium purpureum (Gravel root)

Back 24

"pyrrolizidine alkaloids;
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are associated with liver damage and herbs that contain them are contraindicated in those with known or suspected liver disease."

Front 25

Name the key citrus bioflavonoid found in Achillea millefolium (Yarrow), thought to contribute to its anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects.

Back 25

"Apigenin;
Apigenin is the flavone aglycone of apiin, isolated from the leaves of parsley, basil celery, yarrow, peppermint, lemon balm, chamomileand others. It is a yellow crystalline solid that has been used to dye wool. It has significant chemopreventive activity against UV-radiation. It may reduce DNA oxidative damage, inhibit the growth of human leukemia cells and induced these cells to differentiate, inhibit cancer cell signal transduction and induce apoptosis, act as an anti-inflammatory, and anti -spasmodic."

Front 26

Which Constituents in Convallaria majalis (lily-of-the-valley) is responsible for ionotropic effects?

Back 26

cardiac glycosides (i.e. convallarin, convalloside, glucoconvalloside)

Front 27

What constituent in Prunus serotina (black cherry) acts as an Anti-tussive agent?

Back 27

"cyanogenic glycosides-particularly prunasin;
Prunus serotina (wild cherry bark) contains cyanogenic glycosides, particularly prunasin. These glycosides, once broken apart in the body, act to relieve coughs by quelling spasms in the smooth muscle lining the bronchioles."

Front 28

The oil of which botanical has undecylenic acid, a powerful chemical for dermal fungus?

Back 28

Ricinus communis (Castor oil plant)

Front 29

Which fatty acid - omega 3 or 6 is found in Vitex agnus-castus (Chaste berry)?

Back 29

"Linoleic acid - omega 6;
Linoleic acid has been isolated from the fruits of Vitex agnus-castus and has been shown to influence estrogen receptors and induce certain estrogen ¡nducible genes. Caution should be used in those with hormonally sensitive cancers."

Front 30

Which constituent in Sanguinaria canadensis (bloodroot) is a morphine like alkaloid that can cause sedation, faintness and vertigo?

Back 30

"Sanguinarine;
Sanguinaria canadensis should be used with great caution in patients taking opioids or CNS depressants, as sanguinarine is a morphine-like alkaloid that may cause sedation, faintness, vertigo, and possibly impair decision-making and increase response time. Oral rinses containing 0.0 1% sanguinarine have been used daily for up to six weeks to reduce plaque formation in patients with established and developing plaque and periodontal disease."

Front 31

Which constituent in Lobelia inflata (Indian Tobacco) has similar effects on the nervous system as nicotine?

Back 31

"Lobeline;
Lobeline, the alkaloids present in the leaves is used to stimulate the removal of phlegm from the respiratory tract and in very low dosages for smoking cessation."

Front 32

The seeds from Borago officinalis (borage) are rich in which fatty acid?

Back 32

GLA - Omega 6 fatty acid

Front 33

The lectins from Viscum album (European mistletoe) have been shown to reduce the frequency and intensity of clinical signs and symptoms in patients with which hepatic condition?

Back 33

Hepatitis C

Front 34

Which constituent in Cineraria maritima (Dusty Miller) causes hepatotoxicity?

Back 34

pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Front 35

What is the name of highly poisonous alkaloid in Aconitum napellus (aconite) that causes tingling and numbness if taken orally?

Back 35

"aconitine;
Locally, aconite and ¡ts alkaloid, aconitine, act as irritants, producing a tingling, pricking sensation and numbness, followed by peripheral sensory impairment, resulting in anaesthesia. The latter is due to paralysis of the sensory nerve terminals."