Nplex Ii Botanical Medicine All

Front 1

Which constituent in Lomatium dissectum (lomatium) may cause a UV sensitive skin rash?

Back 1

"Furanocoumarins;
Furanocoumarins may cause a diffuse pruritic or ‘measIes like full body rash."

Front 2

Which constituent in Tanacetum parthenium (Feverfew) helps relieve smooth muscle spams?

Back 2

"parthenolide;
It helps prevent the constriction of blood vessels in the brain (one of the leading causes of migraine headaches). . Feverfew supplements with clinical studies contain a standardized dose of parthenolide (the active compound in feverfew). Feverfew supplements should be standardized to contain at least 0.2% parthenolide."

Front 3

Which constituent in Dioscorea villosa (Wild Yam) was once thought to convert into Progesterone?

Back 3

"Diosgenin - steroidal saponin;
Diosgenin cannot convert in human physiology to progesterone. Diosgenin, thought to be the active substance in Dioscorea villosa (wild yam), has been found in animals to reduce absorption of cholesterol from the intestine and to lower total cholesterol levels in the blood."

Front 4

Name the Constituents in Humulus lupulus (hops) responsible for the herbs sedative effects?

Back 4

Volatile oils - humulene, linalool, lupulone, and myrcene

Front 5

Flavonoids and terpenes in Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo) shoulod be standardized to what percentage?

Back 5

"24% Flavonoid glycosides and 6% terpenes;
Fruit pulp causes severe Contact Dermatitis."

Front 6

Which constituent in Arctostaphylos uva ursi (Bearberry) contributes to its antiseptic effects in the urinary tract?

Back 6

"Arbutin;
Arbutin, the main chemical constituent of uva ursi, is a phenolic glycoside that becomes hydrolyzed to hydroquinone."

Front 7

Best known for it's isoflavone content, Trifolium pratense (Red clover) also contains which blood thinning constituent?

Back 7

"coumarins;
Trifolium pratense may increase the risk of bleeding. Trifolium pratense may enhance the effect of blood thinning drugs, as well as herbs and supplements that have blood-thinning effects (e.g. Ginkgo, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum, vitamin E)."

Front 8

Name the hepatotoxic constituent found in Eupatorium purpureum (Gravel root)

Back 8

"pyrrolizidine alkaloids;
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are associated with liver damage and herbs that contain them are contraindicated in those with known or suspected liver disease."

Front 9

Name the key citrus bioflavonoid found in Achillea millefolium (Yarrow), thought to contribute to its anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects.

Back 9

"Apigenin;
Apigenin is the flavone aglycone of apiin, isolated from the leaves of parsley, basil celery, yarrow, peppermint, lemon balm, chamomileand others. It is a yellow crystalline solid that has been used to dye wool. It has significant chemopreventive activity against UV-radiation. It may reduce DNA oxidative damage, inhibit the growth of human leukemia cells and induced these cells to differentiate, inhibit cancer cell signal transduction and induce apoptosis, act as an anti-inflammatory, and anti -spasmodic."

Front 10

Which Constituents in Convallaria majalis (lily-of-the-valley) is responsible for ionotropic effects?

Back 10

cardiac glycosides (i.e. convallarin, convalloside, glucoconvalloside)

Front 11

What constituent in Prunus serotina (black cherry) acts as an Anti-tussive agent?

Back 11

"cyanogenic glycosides-particularly prunasin;
Prunus serotina (wild cherry bark) contains cyanogenic glycosides, particularly prunasin. These glycosides, once broken apart in the body, act to relieve coughs by quelling spasms in the smooth muscle lining the bronchioles."

Front 12

The oil of which botanical has undecylenic acid, a powerful chemical for dermal fungus?

Back 12

Ricinus communis (Castor oil plant)

Front 13

Which fatty acid - omega 3 or 6 is found in Vitex agnus-castus (Chaste berry)?

Back 13

"Linoleic acid - omega 6;
Linoleic acid has been isolated from the fruits of Vitex agnus-castus and has been shown to influence estrogen receptors and induce certain estrogen ¡nducible genes. Caution should be used in those with hormonally sensitive cancers."

Front 14

Which constituent in Sanguinaria canadensis (bloodroot) is a morphine like alkaloid that can cause sedation, faintness and vertigo?

Back 14

"Sanguinarine;
Sanguinaria canadensis should be used with great caution in patients taking opioids or CNS depressants, as sanguinarine is a morphine-like alkaloid that may cause sedation, faintness, vertigo, and possibly impair decision-making and increase response time. Oral rinses containing 0.0 1% sanguinarine have been used daily for up to six weeks to reduce plaque formation in patients with established and developing plaque and periodontal disease."

Front 15

Which constituent in Lobelia inflata (Indian Tobacco) has similar effects on the nervous system as nicotine?

Back 15

"Lobeline;
Lobeline, the alkaloids present in the leaves is used to stimulate the removal of phlegm from the respiratory tract and in very low dosages for smoking cessation."

Front 16

The seeds from Borago officinalis (borage) are rich in which fatty acid?

Back 16

GLA - Omega 6 fatty acid

Front 17

The lectins from Viscum album (European mistletoe) have been shown to reduce the frequency and intensity of clinical signs and symptoms in patients with which hepatic condition?

Back 17

Hepatitis C

Front 18

Which constituent in Cineraria maritima (Dusty Miller) causes hepatotoxicity?

Back 18

pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Front 19

What is the name of highly poisonous alkaloid in Aconitum napellus (aconite) that causes tingling and numbness if taken orally?

Back 19

"aconitine;
Locally, aconite and ¡ts alkaloid, aconitine, act as irritants, producing a tingling, pricking sensation and numbness, followed by peripheral sensory impairment, resulting in anaesthesia. The latter is due to paralysis of the sensory nerve terminals."

Front 20

What action associated with Calendula officinalis (marigold) makes it useful for treating wounds?

Back 20

vulnerary

Front 21

What influence does Selenicereus grandiflorus (night-blooming cereus) have on renal function?

Back 21

"Diuretic - increases renal output;
Selenicereus grandiflorus is a mild diuretic that decreases heart rate, dilates peripheral vessels and increases renal output."

Front 22

What actions in Geranium maculata (American cranesbill) make it effective for controlling bleeding?

Back 22

"Astringent, styptic and hemostatic;
This is due to the high tannin content."

Front 23

Name two actions of Mentha piperita/spicata/viridis (Peppermint, Spearmint) on the GI system?

Back 23

Carminative and anti-spasmodic

Front 24

What are the two most prominent actions of Piscidia erythrina (Jamaican Dogwood)?

Back 24

Anodyne and sedative

Front 25

What action does Crataegus Oxycantha have on coronary blood vessels?

Back 25

Coronary vasodilation

Front 26

Does Viscum album (European mistletoe) have positive or negative inotropic effects?

Back 26

"Negative;
Viscum album may antagonize the effects of Digitalis due to its negative inotropic properties."

Front 27

What action does Hamamelis virginiana (witch hazel) have on mucous membranes of the mouth, throat and gums?

Back 27

"hemostatic;
Hamamelis virginiana also has astringent properties."

Front 28

What influence does Viscum album (European mistletoe) have on blood pressure?

Back 28

Viscum album (European mistletoe) is a hypotensive agent

Front 29

#NAME?

Back 29

cathartic

Front 30

What influence does Digitalis purpurea (foxglove) have on heart rate and force of contraction?

Back 30

"Positive inotropic but negative chronotropic effects;
Like Convallaria majalis, Digitalis purpurea has positive inotropic but negative chronotropic effects. However, Digitalis has a very narrow therapeutic index."

Front 31

What action does Caulophyllum thalictroides (Blue Cohosh) have on the uterus?

Back 31

"Antispasmodic and uterine stimulant;
Herbalists often recommend blue cohosh as an emmenagogue to induce menstruation, and as a uterine stimulant and antispasmodic."

Front 32

What action does Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) have on bronchial secretions?

Back 32

"expectorant;
Glycyrrhizin acts as an expectorant by thinning and loosening mucous making it easier to cough up."

Front 33

What action does Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) have on the GI tract?

Back 33

"anti-spasmodic;
The primary use for the herb is for digestive upsets and settling stomach pain while stimulating appetite. The seeds are soothing for the digestive system."

Front 34

What action does Equisetum arvense (Horsetail) have on the genitourinary system?

Back 34

"diuretic;
Preliminary human and laboratory research suggests that horsetail may increase the amount of urine excretion."

Front 35

What action associated with Achillea millefolium (Yarrow) makes it useful for menorrhagia and metrorrhagia?

Back 35

"styptic;
The styptic properties of Achillea make it a popular addition in tinctures that address excessive menstrual bleeding. It may also be used topically on most skin wounds."

Front 36

What is the primary action of Gentiana lutea (Gentian) in the stomach and hepatobiliary system?

Back 36

"Gastric acid stimulant and increase in gall bladder motility;
The suggested mode of action of bitters is thought to be a priming effect on the upper digestive system mediated by a nerve reflex from the bitter taste buds. This results ¡n stimulation and increase in vagal stimulation resulting a transient rise in gastrin and an increase in gall bladder motility."

Front 37

What action does Olea europea (olive) have on digestion?

Back 37

"Bitter digestive stimulant;
Mostly used as an antiviral agent, Olea europea may aggravate those with dyspepsia if taken on an empty stomach."

Front 38

What is the major action of Galium aparine (Cleavers)

Back 38

"diuretic and Alterative;
Alteratives improves detoxification of the body by improving digestion and the function of the organs of elimination such as liver/gallbladder, kidney/bladder, bowel and/or the immune system. Also known as depuratives or ‘blood purifiers’."

Front 39

#NAME?

Back 39

Astringent

Front 40

The uterine tonic effects of Leonurus cardiaca (Motherwort) is due to which action?

Back 40

Antispasmodic

Front 41

What action does Melissa officinalis (lemonbalm) have on thyroid function?

Back 41

"Anti-thyroid;
Melissa may block the binding of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to its receptor by acting both on the hormone and the receptor itself. Additionally, may block conversion of T4 to T3."

Front 42

Which botanical Ligusticum porteri (osha) or Ligusticum lucidum is indicated for cancer?

Back 42

"Ligustrum lucidum;
Ligustrum lucidum and Ligusticum porten areeasy to confuse. Remember that that Ligusticum porten ¡s a bitter digestive stimulant and Ligustrum lucidum has some anti-tumor properties in vitro."

Front 43

The Antispasmodic and Astringent action of Viburnum prunifolium make it useful for treating which gynecological conditions?

Back 43

"Premenstrual syndrome (cramping) and menorrhagia;
Viburnum prunifolium is used for smooth muscle spasms, endometriosis and dysmenorrhea but is also an astringent used for menorrhagia and bleeding in menopause."

Front 44

Does Panax ginseng (Asian Ginseng) increase or decrease blood glucose?

Back 44

"Decreases - may lower blood glucose levels in those with type 2 Diabetes;
Panax ginseng may increase the hypoglycemic effect of insulin and sulfonylureas."

Front 45

Which enzyme does Prunus africanum (Pygeum) inhibit?

Back 45

"5-α reductase;
Some sources also suggest aromataseinhibition."

Front 46

Sanguinaria canadensis (bloodroot) is escharotic, what does that mean?

Back 46

"Sanguinaria may destroy tissue and lead to the formation of a large scab, called an escha r. Sanguinaria and its extracts are thus considered escharotic.;
Although applying escharotic agents, including Sanguinaria canadensis to the skin is sometimes suggested as a home treatment for skin cancer, these attempts can be severely disfiguring. Salves derived from Sanguinaria cannot be relied on to remove a malignant tumor. Microscopic tumor deposits may remain after visible tumor tissue is burned away, and case reports have shown recurrence and metastasis. "

Front 47

Inula helenium (elecampane) is a tonic for which organ?

Back 47

"Lungs;
Although there are bitter properties and some resources suggest the liver as a key organ, Inula is most indicated for a chronic wet cough to improve expectoration of secretions, often combined with Tussilago farfara (coltsfoot)."

Front 48

Lithospermum spp. (Common gromwell) ruderale and Lycopus virginicus (Bugleweed) are both indicated for which endocrine condition?

Back 48

"hyperthyroidism-graves disease;
Both Lithospermum ruderale and Lycopus virginicus have antithyroid and antigonadotropic properties."

Front 49

What is the primary action of Eupatorium purpureum (Gravel root)?

Back 49

"Urinary antilithic;
Eupatorium purpureua s primarily used to treat kidney stones and is thought to increases excretion of sediment form urinary tract. It is thought to prevent precipitation of urates in the urinary system."