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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the problem with Phenazopyridine hydrochloride
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Colors the urine and interferes with results of a UA
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What is Azotemia
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Increased BUN in blood, if it is pre-renal BUN will raise faster than Ceatine
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What does acute renal failure look like
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sudden onset of loss of urination or very low production
Proteinuria, hematuria, isosthenuria Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy |
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Describe Interstitisal Nephritis
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increased or decreased urine output
fever mental status changes, ranging from drowsiness to confusion to coma nausea, vomiting rash (sometimes) swelling of the body, any area weight gain (from fluid retention) blood in the urine |
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Single Renal cyst
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Often a cause of “painless hematuria”
Found incidentally on imaging Most commonly not cancerous Follow with follow up U/A and Imaging |
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protein in the urine (exceeding 3.5 grams/day)
low blood protein levels Mee's and Baue's lines high cholesterol levels and swelling (edema). The urine may also contain fat which is visible under the microscope. - urine looks like frothy milk |
Nephrotic syndrome
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Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
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kids 3-8 yrs
Purpuric skin lesions on extensor surface of extremities & buttock IgA precipitation after respiratory infection Hematuria recurrences for yrs won't want to move either |
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What is the only dz that has hemaita and hematureae
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Good pasture's syndrome
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If a child has an abdominal tumor what are the two possibilities
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Nephroblastoma (will's Timor)
Tumor on adrenals |
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What does sweet smelling urine indicate
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ketogenic urine indicative of DM
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What does Maple syrup smell of the urine indicate
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congenital metabolic disease
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What does a musty or “mousy” odor indicate in the urine
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phenylketonuria (PKU) if left untreated can lead to brain development problems
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What can cause a very pungent order to the urine
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may be caused by bacterial contamination
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What do WBCs in urinalysis indicate
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< 5 normal
5-50 chronic inflammation >50 acute infection |
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When are hyaline casts seen in the urine
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Positive especially after exercise.
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What do RBC cast in the urine indicate
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pathological indicating renal hematureia, GN, Goodpastures, bacterial endocarditis, lupus nephritis
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What do WBC cast indicate in the urine
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indicates renal infection or inflammation
On boards they are pathonemonic for pyelonephritis |
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What do waxy cast indicate in the urine
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chronic renal failure, diabetic nephropathy.
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What do fatty casts in the urine indicate
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ndicate fatty degeneration of tubular epithelium, nephrotic syndrome, chronic GN and degenerative tubular disease.
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What happens with ketones in the urine in DM, Liver dz
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Urine Ketones rise BEFORE blood ketones (ketosis)
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What does dark urine, light stools and positive billirubin in the urine typically indicate
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Biliary obstruction
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What is the most sensitive way to evaluate renal fnx
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On boards old way is 24 hr creatine
Newer way is GFR by levy method |
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What does green urine indicate
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Pseudomonas
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When do nitrates rise in an UA
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with gram negative bacteria (e.coli, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas)
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When there is a pathological amount of protein present in the urine what part of the kidney has been damaged
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Glomerulus
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What is normal urine pH and what do changes from normal indicate
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pH 4.6 to 8; average about 6
High pH assoc. with bacterial infections or renal failures. Low pH assoc. with acidosis, dehydration or DM |
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What is hydrochlorathiazide and what is it used for
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It is a diuretic that Inhibits sodium and chloride re-absorption in distal tubule (weaker diuretic).
It is used for HTN and edema |
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What are the most concerning SE of hydrochlorathiazide and when is it CI
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Hypokalemia, & Hyperglycemia, can lead to renal failure
C.I. in patients with hypersensitiv-ity to thiazide or sulfonamide drugs |
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What is furosemide and what is it used for
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It is a loop diuretic that inhibits sodium and chloride re-absorption in the Loop of Henle (medium diuretic)
It is used for HTN and edema |
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What are the most concerning SE of furosemide
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Hypokalemia and hyperglycemia
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What is the common side effect of ACE inhibitors
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A dry cough that won't resolve, in this case you want to switch the person to a ARD (?)
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What is tolterodine and what is it used for
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It is a anti-muscarinic agent (belladona like) and it is used for bladder control
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What signs of toxic effects of tolterodine
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Belladonna like effect -
pupil dilation drying up of secretions (saliva, tears, sweat) |
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What are the 3 nutrient to give when there is ED d/t CV dz
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L-Arginine
Magnesium Glycinate Zinc |
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What UTI infective agents increase pH and cause stone formation
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Proteus and staph
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What do the BUN and Cre levels look like in a pre renal cause of Azotemia
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BUN rises and Cre doesn't therefore the BUN/Cre is high.
It indicates a vascular problem causing impaired renal blood flow |
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What do the BUN and Cre levels look like in a case of Azotemia where the kidneys are involved
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Both BUN and Cre will rise so there will be a normal BUN/Cre however both levels will be high
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What does obstructive causes of Azotemia look like
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BUN and Cre labs are all over the place, however there will be signs of obstruciton
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What is at the top of the list to be considered with actue renal failure which appears to be d/t renal problem
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Want to think IV ions - contrast imaging done recent and reacting to contrast medium
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What are RBCs casts pathonemonic for?
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Acute Glomerulornephritis commonly post strep infection!
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What does quick onset edema, acute HTN, post sore throat, dec urine output, urine is red-brown Dx? Best test to do next
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Post Strep Glomerulonephritis
Fresh spun urine microscopic analysis for RBC casts |
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How does acute renal failure present
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sudden onset of oliguria; 20-200ml/d
proteinuria; hematuria; isosthenuria sp. gr. 1.010-1.016 anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, HBP Na, Ca, HCO3 |
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What are the 2 most common causes of chronic renal insufficiency
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HTN
DM |
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At what age do males have more bladder infections than women
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< 1 y/o
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What are the two most concerning complications of Pyelonephritis
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Renal failure
septicemia |
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Most common form of urithritis
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chlamydia/ gonorrhea
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What is the cardinal sign of anterior urethral injury is
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blood from the urethral meatus
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What do WBC casts suggest along with a fever and CVA tenderness
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pyelonephritis
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What is the most common type of renal calculus
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calcium oxalate
other: Uric acid - 8-10% |
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What is another name for magnesium phosphate renal calculus
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strew bite
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What forms staghorn calculi that involves the renal pelvis and extends into at least 2 calyces
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struvite stones
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Autosomal recessive dz that leads to renal calculi made of what
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cystein
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Hyperparathyroidism increases the risk for what kind of stone
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calcium oxilate
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Proteus vulgaris infection is associated with what kind of stone
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Magphos (strubite)
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Prostate cancer increases the risk to what kind
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Calcium oxilate
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Staph infection increases risk of what kind of renal caliculi
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Magphos (strewbite)
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Hyperuricemica - what type of stone
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add
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What increases chances of recurrent pylonephritis
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Hx of UTIs in childhood
Hx of 3 or more UTI Sx 7-10 d before seeking tx pylonephritis in past year |
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What is Fanconi's syndrome
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Occurs with proximal tubular dysfnx
glucose, amino acids, uric acid, phosphate and bicarbonate are passed into the urine, instead of being reabsorbed |
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Early polycystic kidney dz presents how in a child
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Large distended abdomen with huge asymmetric kidneys
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What is a possible complication from diabetes insipidis
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mental retardation
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Osteomalacia can be caused by DM related renal dz why
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not converting Vit D in the kidney
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What casts are Pathognomonic for the following conditions -
Pyelonephritis Glomerulonephritis Nephrotic syndrome Chronic Renal failure |
What casts are Pathognomonic for the following conditions -
Pyelonephritis - WBC Glomerulonephritis - RBC Nephrotic syndrome - Fatty Chronic Renal failure - Waxy |
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What sort of environment do you need for Arctostaphylos uva ursi to create its antiseptic compounds
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Alkaline
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