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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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All of the sympathetic postganglionic signal is carried by NE except what? What NT and what receptor
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Sweat gland signal - acetylcholine and receptor is muscarinic - therefore cholinergic signal
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What are the two catecholamines that act as adrenergic agonist
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Epinepherine and Norepinephrine
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Main indication for rivastigmine
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dementia
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What is carisoprodol used for
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Painful mm spasms
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List three indications for oxytocin
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to initiate or improve contractions, to control uterine bleeding, elective abortion
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Two indictions for finasteride
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BPH
Androgenic alopecia (IN MEN ONLY) |
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What drug is used in malaria tx and management of chronic lyme dz
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Hydroxychloroquine
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Primary indication for atenolol
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HTN
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What drug is a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) agonist used in PCOS and NIDDM
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Rosiglitazone
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Pramipexole is a med indicated in the treatment of what
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Parkinson's Dz
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Give two indications for momentasone
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1. Prophylactic therapy for asthma
2. Seasonal allergic and perennial allergic rhinitis |
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What drug is indicated for the tx of osteoperosis d/t its Ca sparing actions and must therefore be closely monitored when used in conjunction w/Ca supplementation
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HCTZ
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What is the first line chemotherapy agent for colorectal cancer
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5-fluorouracil
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Key indication for latanoprost
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glaucoma
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What drug can be used to tx both parkinson dz and to decrease hGH in acromegaly
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bromacriptine
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2 indications for desmopressin
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1. Primary nocternal enuresis
2. Central diabetes insipidus |
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How long can phenobarbital tx insomnia
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2 weeks
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Can bromocriptine be used with levodopa
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yes
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what type of drug is gemfibrozil
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antilipemic
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What are the two main immunosuppressive drugs
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Hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate
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What is hydroxychloroquine use for
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it is an immunosuppresant and it is used for RA, SLE and malaria
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What is the CI for hydroxychloroquine
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retinal or visual changes from 4 aminoquinolones (anti malarial drugs)
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How do you monitor hydroxychloroquine
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Opthalmologic exam CBC
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Interactions with hydroxychloroquine
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avoid alcohol
cimetidine increase levels levels maybe decreased by echinacea |
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What are the side effects of hydroxychloroquine
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cardiomyopathy, irritability, alopecia, wt loss, HA, drowsiness
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What are the actions of hydroxychloroquine
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inhibit movements of neutrophils and chemotaxis of eosinophils, impairs complement-dependent antigen-antibody rxns
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What are indications for methotrexate
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severe RA, severe pnuemoconiosus, prevent organ transplant rejection, cancer
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Actions of methotrexate
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folic acid analog - inhibits human dihydrofolate reductase --> thus folate acid-dependant mech don't fnx. cytotoxic (DNA dependent on folic acid); anti-rheumatic effects poorly understood
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What are adverse effects of methotrexate (short term use)
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Ulcerative stomatitis (must stop), diarrhea (must stop), rash, N/V, transient asymtomatic elevation of liver enzymes, bone marrow suppression w/pancytopenia
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What are adverse effects of methotrexate (long term use)
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liver fibrosis
renal damage (high dose) neurological damage can be lethal |
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What are the CI of methotrexate
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Renal failure
Liver failure Alcoholism Immune def Blood dyscrasias Anemia Lactation Preg D |
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If the what adverse effects occur with methotrexate do you need to d/c use
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diarrhea, ulcerative stomatitis
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What interactions can occur with methotrexate
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NSAID synergistic toxicity (can b fatal)
Folic acid - reduces side effects in RA, however interferes with anti cancer effects |
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What are the monitoring parameters of methotrexate
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check the following every 1-3 months CBC, liver and kidney fnx
For RA - do labs on day 5. Liver biopsy maybe needed to detect onset of cirrhosis |
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How is methotrexate dosed for RA
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1 time per week
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What are the non-narcotic analgesic drugs included on the exam
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Acetaminophen, Asprin, Celecoxib, Ibuprofen
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Actions of acetaminophen
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inhibits CNS prostaglandin synthesis, analgesic, anti pyretic - NOT anti-inflammatory or anti-platelet.
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What drugs require ionization
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anti fungal
minerals |
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What effect do drugs that increase or decrease binding to albumin have on availability of drugs to tissue
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substances that increase binding dec availability
substances that decrease binding inc availability |
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Why is kidney and liver health important in drug metabolism
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B/C it is where drugs are processed to leave the body. If we increase the metabolism at these two points we dec drug in system or if we dec metabolism at these two points we inc the drug in the system
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Who must we use caution with when prescribing mediations
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Kidney, Liver, GI dz and anyone over 65 y/o
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What are the main 4 drugs that do not 1st order elimination
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Phenytoin, alcohol, Vit C, find last one from slides
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What is the significance of first order elimination
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It determines the
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What induces P450
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alcohol, barbituates, phenytoin and rifampicin
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drugs that easily displace albumin
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sulfonamides, phenylbutazone, tolbutamide, coumarin
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What drugs inhibit P450
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chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, phenylbutazone
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What drugs are hard on the kidneys
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Add answer from the slides
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What drugs are ototoxicity
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aminoglycosides
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What drugs cause photosensitivity, especially in elderly
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add
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What is the antidote for an acetaminophen overdose
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NAC - this is to recover the glutathione pathway
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What is the antidote for opiates
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naloxone
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What is the antidote for CO poisoning
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100% O2
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What is “the 5X rule”
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this means that it takes just over 4.7 ½ lives to leave the system. Therefore we can multiply the 1/2 life by 5 to figure out about how long before it leaves the system
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What does a sympathomomimetic drug do
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it puts you into the fight or flight mode
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What is the main mechanism for cardiac and nervous system drugs
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Change ion transport of the following ions - Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl
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What is does acetylcholine esterase
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This is the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine - when it is inhibited, acetylcholine is in much more abundance
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What is a common example of house hold product that contains acetylcholine esterase
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pestisides
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What do alpha 1 receptors do
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stimulates vasculature - increase BP and paralyses the GI tract (2 tubes - one it inhibits and one it activates)
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What do alpha 2 receptors do
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They are in the brain - add from slides
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Where are beta 1 receptors and what do they do
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add
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How does Rauwolfia serpentine work
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pure sympatholytic drug - dec catecholamines and dec NE and Epi
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How does Digitalis lanata work
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Decreases aberrant SA adn AV conduction. Positive inotrope and dromotrope - blockade of Na/K ATPase pump (inc intracellular Ca results in elongated plateau on cardiac AP) - cause problems else where in the body.
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How does Chincona bark work and what drugs are made from it
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- 2 main chincona alkaloides
- Mild to moderate anticholinergic effects, direct toxic effects - Quinine (anti spasmodic, antipyretic) - Quinidine (antiarrhythmic) |
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How does Atropa belladonna work, what conditions is it used for and what drugs are made from it
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Acetylcholine antagonsit (parasympatholytic) (add from slide)
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What are the effects of cocaine (erythroxyl coca)
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Dilates pupils, anesthetic to mucous membranes, inc dopamine (reuptake inhibitor)
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What is Eschscolizia californicum used for
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Pain control - if you take too much you will vomit
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無差別
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무차별
indiscriminate [no + difference + special] |
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自信
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자신
self-confidence [self+ believe] |
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Which tissues are rich in mitochondria
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mm (heart esp) and nerve
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What is the mineral that you should think about with ALT and AST b/c it is essential in transaminases. What tissues use these a lot
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B6
Liver, Kidney, |
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What is the rate limiting amino acid in the glutatione pathway, what is the nutrient given orally to help with this pathway
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cystien, NAC
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What are the... clotting factors...
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2, 7, 9 & 10
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What interacts with cumadin
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Vit K (add more)
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What two body processes is Vit K important in
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coagulation and bone formation
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What is the active form of Vitamin A
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Retinol (there are 2 retinals in caratene)
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What are the 3 top anti-oxidants our body utilizes
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Vit E & C, Glutatione
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What are the 3 body areas that utilize retinol
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Eye, Epithelia (both in and out), Gonads ( all of these use as a nuclear activator)
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When is the typical test for Vit D and when is this test not a good test to use
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Serum 25-OH D3
Kidney problem or calcitonin issue |
