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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anabaptism
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means “rebaptizer”- proposed a radical return to the New Testament and its practices- become Christian by making a personal decision (Homestead Heritage)
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Catholicity
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(one of the marks of the church)- often understood as universality- the church is catholic because it is present at every place and time
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Church
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derived from the Greek word meaning “that which belongs to the Lord”- can refer to the local congregation, or authoritative leadership of a particular community (doctrine of the church is ecclesiology)
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Donatism
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-a movement that arose from N. Africa during the 4th century… claimed that consecrations performed by bishops who had faltered in time of persecution were invalid and therefore rejecting the authority of Caecilian, the bishop of carthage at the time… led to a great schism (Donatus was one of the leaders that the group was named for) movement waned because it was discredited- their theological issue raised by schism was the purity of the church and the validity of sacraments and rites administered by unworthy persons
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Ecclesiology
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theological discourse regarding the church and its nature
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Ecumenism
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“the inhabited earth”- ecumenical translates literally from “universal”- closely associated with the attempt to bring the various churches all over the world into closer connection and perhaps eventual unity
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Episcopal
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pertaining or having to do with a bishop in Latin…or bishops… also an official name of the church that represents the Anglican Communion in the US- the Episcopal Church
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Excommunication
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The act of barring a believer from participating in communion.
For Catholics, “major excommunication” is exclusion from all activities while “minor excommunication” is just exclusion from communion. It is a form of discipline. |
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iconoclasm
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Opposing the use of images in worship.
An “iconoclast” is a person who seems to delight in destroying cherished notions. They are opposed by the “iconodules”—that is, servants of the images. Theologians were diverse in their views on Iconoclasm, but the laity was mainly Iconodules. |
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Koinonia
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The Greek word for “fellowship”, but a very deep meaning.
More like a “corporation” where two or more people hold a property in common. Also used in communion to mean the “companionship of the Spirit with the believer”, “The fellowship that has the Spirit as its common possession or inheritance (the church)”, or “the sharing of goods and love that is the result of the presence of the Spirit”. |
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Landmarkism
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Theological movement from mid-nineteenth century Tennessee holding that only Baptist churches are true churches. Baptism is only valid in a Baptist congregation, Communion can only be administered to particular members, and there is no such thing as the universal (catholic) church.
Like apostolic succession, Landmarkism believes that there is an uninterrupted line of true Baptist linking present day congregations to Jesus and the apostles. |
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Lapsed
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—(Restoration of the lapsed)—The restoration of the fallen into the full communion of the church, particularly allowing the lapsed to once more partake in the Eucharist.
Baptized Christians sin (for example, apostasy). How do we (as the church) restore them back into the Church in God’s grace? Many solutions arose in the forming of the church, but many solutions involve the act of confession. Latter influenced the Penance system in the medieval church. |
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Marks of the Church
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—(Also called notes of the church)—Those characteristics by which the true church may be described and known. Usually focuses on the four n the Nicene Creed: one, holy, catholic, and apostolic.
Although here are references to such “marks” in earlier times, the subject of the marks came to the foreground at the reformation. Reformers declared that preaching the Word of God and proper administration of the sacrament count as well. |
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Missiology
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The discipline that studies missions. Recently has been transferred from the practical area of studies to the theological.
In the early practical stages, missiology was for the advancement of the mission (language and intercultural studies, methods of communication, training indigenous leadership, etc.). The global perspective is that missions are to be carried out by people from every land and must address people in every land. Missiology is now more of a theological discipline that advocates an approach to the entire life and thought of the church that is grounded on the mission. |
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Novatianism
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Dealing with the restoration of the lapsed. Refused readmission to the lapsed. A movement against the ecclesiastical authorities in Rome that resulted in a great schism that lasted several generations.
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Pietism
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A reaction to Protestant scholasticism that sought to awaken and nurture the personal faith of believers.
Created by Philipp Spencer who expressed six “pious desires” that become the program for Pietism: Christians should organize into small study groups, trust the laity as the priesthood of believers, a living faith, framework of love, pastors as personal leaders, and the pulpit is understandable by all. |
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Priesthood of all believers
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—The principle that all Christian believers are priests by virtue of their baptism. Protestants used this to a degree to combat the hierarchy of the church.
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sacrament
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A term derived from the Latin sacrmentum, meaning an oath of allegiance; Augustine (354-430) defined a sacrament as “the visible form of an invisible grace,” and most traditional definitions include words in the sense that a sacrament is “an outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace.”
As to the efficacy of the sacraments, standard Catholic doctrine declares that they work ex opere operato, so that their efficacy does not depend on the virtue of the person administering them. As to the recipient of the sacrament, if there is no faith and repentance, the sacrament is still there, but it is not efficacious—and may even work for the recipient’s damnation. |
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sacramental
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Besides its obvious use as an adjective for things referring to the sacraments—as in the phrase “the sacramental wine”—the word “sacramental” as a noun refers to rites, practices, and objects that aid or express the faith of the church, but are not considered sacraments. Such are the sign of the cross, the benediction, liturgical vestments, prayer vigils, the rosary, and many more. Some Protestants also apply the term to rites that Roman Catholics consider sacraments, but Protestants so not, such as matrimony and the anointing of the sick.
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Voluntarism
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A term with two very distinct meanings. In much contemporary discussion on the nature of the church, particularly in the United States, voluntarism is the notion that the church is a voluntary association, formed by those who out of their own free will choose to join it, and supported by their freely given offerings and other resources. Quite often it is joined with a “low” ecclesiology, which views the church, not as part and parcel of the gospel, but as simply as an association of Christians who seek to support each other in their faith. (In this sense, the term is sometimes “voluntaryism.”)
In more traditional theology, voluntarism is the notion that will is above reason. This position has been held by many in the Augustinian tradition, thus reflecting Augustine’s own experience of knowing what was true and good before being ready to believe or to do it. It received its classical expression in the theology of John Duns Scotus (ca.1266-1308), who agreed that in God there is no difference between will and reason, but also argued that from our point of view it is best to see God primarily as will, rather than as reason—and who also argued that this is certainly true of us, for reason does not usually govern the will. These notions were carried to an extreme by some late medieval theologians who argued that, given the primacy and freedom of God’s will, it is more correct to say that whatever God does is good than to say that God always does what is good—in other words, that God’s free will is such that it is not confined even by the idea of the good. (See Potentia Dei absoluta.) |
