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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the types of dysarthrias? |
Types: Flaccid, Spastic, Ataxic, -Mixed, -Hypokinetic, Hyperkinetic, |
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Dysarthrias result from what? |
From the disruption of muscular control due to the damage of the CNS or PNS, or even both. |
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Dysarthria is defined as what? |
A group of speech disorders resulting from disturbances in muscular control weakness, slowness, or incoordination of the speech mechanism due to damage to the CNS, PNS, or both. |
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Explain the localization that causes dysarthria? |
It depends on the type, but dysarthria can result from damage to the upper motor neuron system and lower motor neuron system, the cerebellum, the extrapyramidal system, and any combination of these areas. |
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How is dysarthria classified? |
Depends on the site of the lesion and the characterisitics of speech that are present. |
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Dysarthrias are ____________ speech disorders |
neuromuscular |
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What part of the speech production mechanism is affected by dysarthria? |
This includes respiratory, phonatory, and articulatory processes. |
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Hypokinetic Dysarthria is associated most with what disease? |
Parkinson's Disease |
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What is usually the prognosis for a type of dysarthria? |
Dysarthrias caused by bilateral subcortical lesions, brain stem lesions or degenerative diseases like ALS have the poorest prognosis. |
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What perceptual characterisitics are observed/measured when determining the type of dysarthria? |
-Pitch -Loudness -Voice Quality -Respiration -Prosody -Articulation |
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Mixed dysarthrias are mostly associated with what degenerative disease? |
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) |
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This motor speech disorder is defined as being a problem in "assembling the appropriate sequence of movements for speech production...." |
Apraxia |
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What areas of the brain are involved with Apraxia? |
Apraxia results from a unilateral, left hemisphere lesion involving the third frontal convolution, Broca's area. If there are more posterior, probably parietal lesions there's a possibility of apraxia. |
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Describe the prosody of individuals with apraxia? |
-Vowels and consonants are distorted -rate of production is slow - intonation changes to reflect errors in speech production |
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How does apraxia differ from a type of dysarthria? |
Apraxia does not involve significant slowness, weakness, restricted range of movement or incoordination of articulators and no significant muscle involvement exists. |
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What are the two main types of motor speech disorders? |
Dysarthria and apraxia |
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What else is apraxia known as? |
"apraxia of speech" & "verbal apraxia" |
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Apraxia of speech is ______________ and very _______________ |
a. inconsistent b. unpredictable |
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Name the three types of dysarthria that are found within cerebral palsy? |
Types: Spastic, Dyskinetic (hypo/hyper), & Ataxic |
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Types of therapy interventions for dysarthria include the following: |
Expiratory muscle strength training, modifying speech rate, Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) |
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What cranial nerves are involved with assessment to determine type of dysarthria/motor speech impairment? |
Cranial nerves V, VII, XII |
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If an individual with dysarthria has very impaired speech what is another approach to therapy or suggestion that can be made? |
The SLP can discuss the possibility of using an AAC device (high/low tech) to assist the person with severe dysarthria communicate. |
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What can be used to help reduce hypertonicity of muscles? |
Electromyographic (EMG) feedback |
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Key characterisitics of dysarthria to remember are: |
All types of dysarthria affect articulation (e.g. consonants/slurred speech). In severe cases, vowels may also be distorted. Speech intelligibility varies and depends on the extent of neurological damage. Hypernasality is common and also problems with respiration, phonation and resonance. |
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Information gathered from |
Duffy, J. (2005) Motor Speech Disorders. Boston:Elsevier Mosby.
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ASHA.org |
