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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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General blood collection equipment & supplies |
Blood drawing Phlebotomy chairs Handheld carriers Phlebotomy carts |
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How is withdrawn ? |
Blood is withdrawn from the veins via an evacuated system |
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The vacuatainer |
Is a glass test tube sealed with a rubber or combination rubber/plastic cork from which the air in the test tube has been withdrawn creating a vaccum |
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Vacutainer size |
Vacutainer came in varioud size, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 ml and may contain or not contain varioud liquid in dry powdery anticoagulant within the tube |
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The syringe needle |
■Consist of serveral components i.e the shalf, the thread hub, the bore, bevel and the rubber sheath ■ the rubber sheath prevents leakage of blood into the adapter when drawing mutiple blood specimen |
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Classification of needle |
▪need are classified by length of the shaft and diameter of the needle which is referred to as the gauge ▪Common needle length are 1/2, 1, and 1 1/2inch. ▪Gauges are classified numerically from 15 to 23 gauge (The larger the gauge the smaller the diameter of the needle) |
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15 to 17 gauge |
Used on blood donors |
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21 gauge |
Used for venipuncture on adults |
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23 gauge |
Butterfly needle, used on obese adults & children. ☆thin wall, large bore -2 types : one used w/ one syringe One for vacutainer |
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The adapter |
Disposable, plastic device used to couple thr vacutainer needle to the vacutainer tube |
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Tourniquet |
Applied tightly to upper arm, prevents blood from flowing back to the heart creating increast blood pressure in the vein. Makes vein easier to feel and see |
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70 % isopropyl Alcohol |
Used to sterilize venipuncture area |
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Betadine |
Iodine compound, used to sterilize skin when drawing when blood cultures and blood alcohol levels |
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Lancets |
¤For skin punctures ¤various types 1. Automatic 2. Manual |
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Micro collection tube |
Used to collect pediatric specimen Stress use of amber colored tubes to collect blood for light sensitive determinations I.e: bilibrum, carotene, vitamin A |
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Capillary tubes |
Non- heparinzied for coagulation studies, heparinzied for micro hematocrit |
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Uno pipettes |
Used for pediatric hematology studies |
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Additional supplies |
Band aids, wax, pencils, labels, glads slides, ammonia, inhalants, alcohol swab |
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Initiation of the Venipuncture process |
1- begins with physician, request for laboratory. Studies wheater it is the hospital, doctor office or freestanding clinic 2- first job of the phlebotomist is to review the requisition in order to determine what types of samples and supplies are requires to prefom the request test. The need for proper patient identification, name of requesting physician and other pertinent data |
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The venipuncture process |
1- if you can palpaye vein, but not see it use visual clues on skin to assist in remembering where it is and 2- perform visual check of needle for manufacturing defects such as barbs Antecubital fossa (must stay within the area) and 3 primary veins of choice ■median cubital ■ basilica ■ cepalic |
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Venipuncture problems abd concerns |
•inability to draw patient causes: •unable to palpate vein: apply heat, both arms, back of hands, use blood pressure cuff •do not stuck patient more than 2 times, infrom nurse, MD , if unable to draw blood • rolling vein- try to lock in place with thumb pressure • fragile veins which collapse when excessive force is applied to syringe plunger |
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Hematomia |
Most common complicaton of venipuncture Blood collecting under skin Hemat= blood Oma= tumor Or lesion therefore Hematoma= lesion of blood |
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Venipuncture problem and cause |
■Not removing touriquet prior to removing needle ■ pushing needle through opposing walls of the vein ■partial penetration of the vein ■not applying adequate pressure to venipuncture site after withdrawl of needle |
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Patients w/ mastectomies and IV |
Single mastectomy : use opposite arms, lymph stasis |
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Bibteral mastectomy |
Do finger stick |
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Single IV |
Use opposite arm |
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Bilateral IV |
Have nurse or MD shut off IV for 2 minutes |
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☆☆☆ |
Apply touriquet below iv site. Drsw a red top rube and discard to eliminate possible mesication contamination ■ if patient have IV in both arms to draw blood -use vein in right antecubital fossa ▪then draw apporiate vacutainer for required lab test |
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Hemolysis |
Rupture of red blood cell membrane which release hemoglobin into plasma or serum rendering sample useless for many assays Blood will have to be redraw |
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Causes of hemolysis |
●frothing of blood, needle not completely un vein ●vigorous shaking if vacutainer Needle bore to small ●applying too much back pressure when using a syringe ●centrifuging an unclotted specimen |
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Picc's and Midline and Heprain locks |
●device inserted into patients vein by physician or trained nurse ●these device are left in place for an extended period of time. Use when patient is going to have multiple venipuncture for withdrawl of blood or injection of IV drugs ●used to prevent scarring of veins of if patients has poor veins ●heparin locks are changes every 72 hours , used primarily for injection of drugs ●Picc's and Midlines are left in place for longer periods of time and used for hemodialysis (Do not disturb these device when performimg venipuncture ) |
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Loss of vaccum in vacatainer Do not use expired vacuatiner |
Short draw - needle withdraw prematurely form vein. QNS (quantity not sufficent) Redraw |
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Need to for use of universal |
Precautions when dealing with patient who are immunosuppressed or have communicable disease |
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What to do when a patient faints? |
If a patient faints sit them in chair, Make sure there airway is free so they can breathe |
