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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 characteristics of life
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1. movement 2. responsiveness 3. growth 4. reproduction 5. digestion/absorption/circulation/assimilate/excrete |
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Maintain Aliveness (5)
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2. food 3. oxygen 4. heat 5. pressure |
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how many cells inside |
70-75 trillion
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buffer system |
-keeps hemeostasis |
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hypothalmus |
-signals capillary and skin to sweat -or shuts them off to shiver |
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negative feeback loop
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"almost always good" |
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2 examples of positive feedback loop
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child birth |
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organization of matter |
tissues organs organ system organism |
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coronal
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front and back halves |
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vicera plura does what to organs |
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appendicular skeleton |
upper and lower limbs |
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axial
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head neck and trunk |
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metabolism |
depends on chemical reactions |
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matter is |
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bulk elements
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large amount in the body ie-calcium |
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3 types of radiation
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beta gamma-xrays |
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categories of bonds
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covalent - shares electron hydrogen |
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synthesis reaction example |
A+B = AB putting them together |
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decomposition reaction example
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splitting things up |
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Exchange reactions example
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rearrange |
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lysis
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electrolytes |
substance that release ions in water, now water electrically charge, conducts electricity |
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acid |
electrolyte releases hydrogen ions in water |
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base
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electrolyte ions in water releases ion combine with hydrogen molecule |
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ph scale
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water is 7 stomach acid is 2 blood is 7.4 |
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organic is when
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oxygen important things to know |
21 % of air transported by blood to the cells turns glucose into energy |
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carbon dioxide |
is a waste product |
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inorganic
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salts phosphates electrolytes |
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organic compounds carbohydrates are needed |
building material store energy classified by size mono and disaccharide are simple polysaccharide complex |
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organic compounds lipids |
fats |
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organic compounds phospholipids |
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triglycerides have 2 types |
unsaturated 1 phospholipid head and 3 fatty acid tails |
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steroids
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complex lipid ring |
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protein certain shape |
amino acids make it up line up is primary shape twist is secondary shape coil is tertiary shape bundle is the quatinary structure |
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we use how many amino acids |
20 |
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nucleus
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not in the center and enclosed by membrane/nuclear envelope |
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cytoplasm
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fluid in the cell |
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2 types of cell |
prokaryotic - before nucleus bacteria |
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cell membrane three characteristic |
1. flexible 2. elastic 3. thin |
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cell membrane
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-nutrients -allows cells to communicate membrane made up of bilayer of phospholipids |
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steriods
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proteins
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rodlike protiens go through easily odd ends for recognition |
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cells by themselves
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need to related to eachother |
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tight junctions
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no room bladder, skin |
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desmosomes |
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gap junctions |
a bit of space between speen |
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cell adhesion moecules is called
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CAMS |
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kemoatractins |
send white blood cells
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diapedesis |
sending through cell tissue were bacteria boble up .. puss |
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11 Organelles
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2. ribosomes 3. gogli apparatus 4. mitochondria 5. lysomes 6. peroxisomes 7. centriosomes 8. cilia/flagella 9. vesicles 10. microfilaments (11). inclusions |
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endoplasmic reticulum 2 types
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2. rough |
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ER functions
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-communicate with whole cell including the nucleus -transportation for the cell |
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Rough ER specifics
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-protein synthesis |
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Smooth ER specifics
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-lipid synthesis |
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Gogli apparatus functions
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-cisternae- each layer -refines and packages and delivers synthesis protein of the rough ER -vesicle- from the ER composed of ER memabrane and protein from RER, fuses with GA lets go of protein, which goes inside GA and adds sugar and repackages |
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Mitocondria functions |
-can reproduce by dividing -DNA material -2 layer system of membranes -shelves cristae- contains enzymes for making ATP -Power houses of the cell 1700 mitochondria -can make ATP |
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Lysomes functions |
-dismantal debri -membranase sacs -destroy old cells -contain enzymes to help |
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Peroxisomes function |
-peroxidases-enzymes catabolize hydrogen peroxide and alcohol |
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Centrosomes function |
-non membraneous -2 hollow cylanders called centrioles and made up of microtubulars. -perpendicular to each other -cell reproduction |
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Cilia and Flagella function |
cilia-part of cell -microtubules -large # in epithelia cells -move in precise wave -propel fluid in one direction only Anything that goes to opeing in outside world secretes mucus would have cilia Flagella-sperm cell only -make thing move/swim -only one |
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Vessicles function
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Vacule - forms pinches off -contains liquid/solid |
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microtubules function
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-structure |
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inclusions
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-floating around |
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Nucleus function
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-opening pores - rna in and out -ribosomes let them in -holding fluid - nuclea plasm - inside nucleolus |
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nucleolus
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no membrane ribosomes made escape through pores |
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chromatin |
-loosely coiled fibers floating -during cell reproduction get highly coiled and stiff and rod like change to chromosomes |
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2 processes to get stuff in and out of cell
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2. physiologic |
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physical process has 4 types of transportation |
2. facilitated diffusion 3. osmosis 4. filtration |
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3 physiologic types of transportation |
1. active transport 2. endocytosis 3. exocytosis |
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Diffusion
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molecules or ions of high concentration move spontaneously to areas of low concentration |
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Facilitated diffusion
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-high to low concentrations |
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Osmosis
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-across membrane |
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Isotonic |
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crenate
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shrink - take out water |
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filtration
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-atmospheric pressure separate solids from liquids -kidneys use this pressure- breathing |
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Physiology transport is
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-using a pump -active transport |
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endocytosis 3 types of active transport |
2. phagocytosis-solid particles through (very very common 3. receptor mediated -recognizes shape |
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diapposen
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lock and key |
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exocytosis |
getting stuff out |
