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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 Types of Cell Signaling
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Direct contact (e.g. gap junctions)
Paracrine signaling to adjacent cells Endocrine signaling long-range signaling using circulatory and lymphatic systems Synaptic signaling neurotransmitters |
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G-proteins utilize what
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G-proteins utilize
GTP Instead of ATP |
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Enzymic Receptor
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Single-pass transmembrane proteins
Contains a catalytic domain Appropriate signal molecules bind, change conformation, and activate catalytic domain |
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The Expression of Cell Identity
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Cell-Cell Interactions using Identity Markers
Glycolipids (e.g. those on red blood cells that dictate type A, B, and O blood types) MHC Proteins: major histocompatibility complex proteins that help the immune system identify self vs. non-self. |
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G-proteins utilize what
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G-proteins utilize
GTP Instead of ATP |
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3 things about Ion Channels
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Multipass transmembrane proteins
Pore forms in the center of the protein The pore is opened or closed via chemical signals |
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Intracellular Adhesion
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Cell Junctions
Tight junctions (aka occluding junctions): small molecules cannot pass between cells. Made from the plasma membrane |
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MHC Proteins and
Multiple Sclerosis |
Multiple Sclerosis is an auto-immune disorder. This means that the patient’s body has trouble distinguishing self from non-self tissue and cells.
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G-protein Linked Receptor
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Seven-pass transmembrane protein
2nd messenger (acts indirectly on enzymes or ion channels) Activation: Binding GTP |
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Cell Junctions
Communicating Junctions |
Physical connections that allow chemical or electrical signals to pass from one cell to another
Animals: Gap Junctions Plants: Plasmodesmata |
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Demyelination in
Multiple Sclerosis |
The lack of appropriate cell identifiers in multiple sclerosis causes an autoimmune response. This attack on the body leads to demyelination (see orange regions).
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Intracellular Adhesion
Anchoring Junctions |
Anchoring Junctions
The cytoskeletons in adjacent cells join These junctions are most common in tissues that are subject to mechanical stress (e.g. muscle) Desmosomes Hemidesmosomes Adherens junctions |
