Note Cards

Front 1

Axial=longitudinal =head to toe

Back 1

Z-axis

Hint 1

Pt on table

Front 2

Normal unenhanced hepatic parenchyma exhibits CT densities with the range of

Back 2

+45 to +65 HU

Front 3

The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of a slice sensitivity profile diagram indicates

Back 3

Effective section width

Front 4

The ability is a CT scanner to image a small high-density object is controlled by the ______

Of the scanner

Back 4

Spatial resolution

Front 5

Average range for activated PTT

Back 5

25-35 seconds

Front 6

Angle of butterfly needle is

Back 6

15 degrees

Front 7

The quantity of radiation dose received by the pt from a series of CT scans is referred to as

Back 7

MSAD(multiple-scan average dose)

Front 8

Sagittal, left to right

Back 8

X axis

Front 9

Coronal, front to back, anterior to posterior

Back 9

Y axis

Front 10

Blood Glucose levels

Back 10

150mg

Front 11

The reduction in intensity of an X-ray beam as it interacts with matter is?

Back 11

Attenuation

Front 12

Reconstruction methods used by most modern ct scanners

Back 12

Filtered back projection

Front 13

Term used to describe the relation between the linear attenuation coefficient of an object and the calculated ct number is

Back 13

Linearity

Front 14

In 1917, the Austrian mathematician ________ proved that it was possible to reconstruct a 3 dimensional object from the infinite set of all of its projects

Back 14

Radon

Front 15

Mathematical technique that involves the estimation of an unknown value from values on either side

Back 15

Interpolation

Front 16

May be defined as a picture element

Back 16

Pixel

Front 17

Loss of anatomic information between contiguous sections due to inconsistent patient breathing is called

Back 17

Misregistration

Front 18

Pixels whose average attenuation coefficients are less than that of water have which of the following types of ct values

Back 18

Negative

Front 19

QC measurements to test accuracy of calibration of ct scanners should be performed

Back 19

Daily

Front 20

Ring artifacts on the ct scanner are associated with which of the follow tube detector geometric relationships

Back 20

Rotate- rotate

Front 21

The use of a fan shaped beam during CT imaging increases the total volume of the tissue irradiated, thereby __________

The amount of scatter radiation produced

Back 21

Increase

Hint 21

Increase or decrease

Front 22

Areas of a CT image that contain minimal changes in the tissue density are represented by

Back 22

Low Spatial Frequencies

Front 23

4th generation CT scanners use a ____________ tube detector configuration

Back 23

Rotate stationary

Front 24

Areas of ct image that contain abrupt changes in tissue density are electronically represented by

Back 24

High spatial frequencies

Front 25

Average CT number value for blood is

Back 25

+42 to +58 Hounsefield units

Hint 25

HU units

Front 26

Mathematical techniques used exclusively for image reconstruction with spiral CT scanners

Back 26

Interpolation

Front 27

Average CT number value for blood is

Back 27

+42 to +58 Hounsefield units

Hint 27

HU units

Front 28

Primary beam interacting with single detector is known as a

Back 28

Ray

Front 29

The type of hemorrhage that occurs between the skull and outer layer of the dura in traumatic brain injury is referred to as a

Back 29

Epidural hematoma

Front 30

A CT scanner with a limiting resolution of 15 lp/cm can resolve an object as small as

Back 30

0.3 mm

Front 31

The articulation between the distal tibia and fibula is called the

Back 31

Syndesmosis

Front 32

A CT scanner with a limiting resolution of 15 lp/cm can resolve an object as small as

Back 32

0.3 mm

Front 33

In which of the following cranial nerves would an acoustic neuroma be found

Back 33

Eighth

Front 34

CT images that have been reconstructed from a portion of the data acquisition process in the hopes of reducing patient motion are called

Back 34

Segmented images

Front 35

The Ct number is a relative value that standardizes the attenuation of

Back 35

Water

Front 36

A CT scanner with a limiting resolution of 15 lp/cm can resolve an object as small as

Back 36

0.3 mm

Front 37

Which of the following corresponds to the full width at half maximum of the graph

Back 37

C. .5

Front 38

CT images that have been reconstructed from a portion of the data acquisition process in the hopes of reducing patient motion are called

Back 38

Segmented images

Front 39

The Ct number is a relative value that standardizes the attenuation of

Back 39

Water

Front 40

The type of hemorrhage that occurs between the skull and outer layer of the dura in traumatic brain injury is referred to as a

Back 40

Epidural hematoma

Front 41

A CT scanner with a limiting resolution of 15 lp/cm can resolve an object as small as

Back 41

0.3 mm

Front 42

CT images that have been reconstructed from a portion of the data acquisition process in the hopes of reducing patient motion are called

Back 42

Segmented images

Front 43

The Ct number is a relative value that standardizes the attenuation of

Back 43

Water

Front 44

A portion of a herniated disc that has migrated from its normal position is called

Back 44

Sequestered disc

Front 45

Cupping artifacts most commonly occur in the

Back 45

Brain

Front 46

The types of detectors used in CT

Back 46

Gas ionization and scintillation

Front 47

During a CT scan each sample of Ray sum measurements made by the data acquisition system is called

Back 47

View

Front 48

Errors during the measurement of transmitted radiation by the detectors can result in a form of noise on the image referred to as

Back 48

Artifact

Front 49

A dermoid tumor of the ovary may also be referred to as a

Back 49

Cystic teratoma

Front 50

The quantity of blood pumped out of a ventricle every heartbeat is termed

Back 50

Ejection fraction

Front 51

The dimensions of a voxel maybe calculated

Back 51

Pixel size x section width= voxel

Front 52

Corticomedullary phase is a late arterial phase beginning______ seconds after injection

Back 52

30-40

Front 53

Which of the following technological advances has led to the development of spiral/helical CT scanning?

1. Slip ring technology

2. Electron beam technology

3. High efficiency X-ray tubes

Back 53

1 and 3

Front 54

The tortuous S-shaped portion of the internal carotid artery as it enters the bony skull may be referred to as the carotid

Back 54

Siphon

Front 55

Portal venous phase imaging of the liver is used to optimally demonstrate ?

Back 55

Hypovascular hepatic metastases

Front 56

Beam hardening is used to describe what physical phenomena?

Back 56

Increase in average photon energy of a heterogeneous X-ray beam

Front 57

The stop-motion capability of a ct system is referred to as

Back 57

Temporal resolution

Front 58

What optimal window setting would best image for CT Colonography?

Back 58

Level= -400, width= 1600

Hint 58

CT Colonography images are best displayed in a wide "lung-type" window setting

Front 59

Urticaria

Back 59

Hives) best treated with antihistamine

Front 60

What HU would be used for a bone tissue window?

Back 60

+250 HU

Front 61

The largest deterrent of a CT scanners contrast resolution is

Back 61

Noise

Front 62

The largest deterrent of a CT scanners contrast resolution is

Back 62

Noise

Front 63

What is the largest enemy of contrast resolution?

Back 63

Noise

Front 64

The largest deterrent of a CT scanners contrast resolution is

Back 64

Noise

Front 65

What is the largest enemy of contrast resolution?

Back 65

Noise

Front 66

_________ appears as a graininess that can obscure the outline and delineation of structures, thus limiting the scanners ability to separate them

Back 66

Noise

Front 67

The average range for normal prothrombin (PT) time is approximately

Back 67

12-15 seconds

Front 68

The abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluids on the ventricles of the brain is called

Back 68

Hydrocephalus

Front 69

What is the best scout or localizer projection for a CT scan of the neck

Back 69

Lateral

Front 70

Patients whose posterior descending artery branches from the right coronary artery, and whose left posterior ventriclar branches arise from the left circumflex artery, are said to be

Back 70

Codiminant

Front 71

What percent of the population is said to be codominant?

Back 71

7 percent

Front 72

------ are characterized as hypo vascular

Back 72

Cyst

Front 73

Hemangiomas, Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), focal modular hyperplasia (FNH), and certain metastatic lesions are all examples of ______________ tumors of the liver

Back 73

Hypervascular

Front 74

What technical characteristics of a CT system does NOT directly affect patient dose

Back 74

Filament size

Front 75

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced in the

Back 75

Choroid plexuses

Front 76

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced in the

Back 76

Choroid plexuses

Front 77

The cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by the choroid plexuses that are located in each of the ________ _________ of the brain

Back 77

Fourth ventricle

Front 78

The branches of the left coronary artery include the

Back 78

Left anterior descending artery and left circumflex artery

Front 79

During CT Colonography examinations, tagged fecal matter appears _________ on the image

Back 79

White

Front 80

What window setting would optimally display CT Colonography images?

Back 80

Level= -400 width= 1600

Front 81

CT Colonography images are best displayed in a wide________________ window setting

Back 81

Lung type

Front 82

Which of the following refers to the period of the cardiac cycle known as complete cardiac diastole

1. Relaxation of the left and right ventricles

2. Relaxation of the left and right atria

3. The T wave of the electrocardiograph ECG

Back 82

All 3

Front 83

The degenerative pathologic process of the spine known as spondylolysis involves a defect in the

Back 83

Pars interarticularis

Front 84

The normal range for the international normalized ratio (INR) for prothrombin time (PT) results is

Back 84

0.8-1.2

Front 85

The exaggeration of displayed calcification within the coronary arteries during a cardiac MDCT study is referred to as

Back 85

Blooming

Front 86

What section width would cause the greatest amount of partial volume averaging

Back 86

10mm

Front 87

A solitary pulmonary nodule can be assumed benign when it's average density is within what ranges?

Back 87

165-200 HU

Front 88

What bones are to be considered hind foot?

Back 88

Talus and calcaneus

Front 89

What bones are to be considered hind foot?

Back 89

Talus and calcaneus

Front 90

What bones are considered the midfoot

Back 90

Navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms

Front 91

What bones are to be considered hind foot?

Back 91

Talus and calcaneus

Front 92

What bones are considered the midfoot

Back 92

Navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms

Front 93

What bones are considered the forefoot

Back 93

Metatarsals and phalanges

Front 94

An injury to the brain at a location opposite to the site of traumatic impact is referred to as

Back 94

Contrecoup

Front 95

______ injuries to the brain occur at the actual site of traumatic impact

Back 95

Coup

Front 96

The typical dose of the radio pharmaceutical F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for combined PET-CT examination is within the range of

Back 96

10.0 to 15.0 mCi

Front 97

The soft center of each intervertebral disc is called the

Back 97

The nucleus pulposus

Front 98

During CT angiography, images may be reconstructed using only the greatest density encountered along each ray. This type of specialized CT image is called a

Back 98

MIP (maximum intensity projections) image

Front 99

A _______ is the path from the focal spot of the X-ray tube to a detector

Back 99

Ray

Front 100

What phase of contrast enhancement optimally demonstrates the relationship between pancreatic neoplasm and the surrounding vascular?

Back 100

Arterial phase

Front 101

What phase of contrast enhancement optimally demonstrates the relationship between pancreatic neoplasm and the surrounding vasculature?

Back 101

Arterial phase

Front 102

What is the term that describes a condition in which the cerebral ischemia is caused by systemic hypertension?

Back 102

Vasovagal reaction

Front 103

During a CTA of the brain's circle of Willis, if an iodinated contrast agent is injected at a rate of 3-4 ml/ sec, an adequate delay for optimal vessel opacification would be in the range of

Back 103

12-20 seconds

Front 104

An empiric delay of _________ seconds would be adequate to ensure good vessel opacification of the ____________

Back 104

12-20

Circle of Willis

Front 105

Components of the uterine wall include which of the following?

1. Perimetrium

2. Myometrium

3. Endometrium

Back 105

All 3

Front 106

What is the order of infection?

Back 106

Incubation, prodromal, active, convalescence

Hint 106

I-PAC

Front 107

A voxel may be described as a

Back 107

A voxel element

Front 108

A condition where a portion of the small intestine collapses or telescopes into itself is termed

Back 108

Intussusception

Front 109

Because of its excessive density, barium sulfate may be used in CT only in suspensions with concentrations of

Back 109

1-3 % barium sulfate

Front 110

The normal range of cerebral blood volume (CBV) contained within 100 g of brain tissue is

Back 110

4-5 ml/ 100 g

Front 111

The typical range for possible pixel values in a modern CT system Is between

Back 111

-1024 HU AND + 3071 HU

Front 112

CT- guided needle biopsies are most commonly performed on what anatomic area?

Back 112

Pancreas

Front 113

The detectors of a PET system absorb and measure what type of radiation?

Back 113

Annihilation photons

Front 114

Which of the following is an advantage of automatic CO insufflation for CT Colonography?

1. Cheaper cost

2. Lower risk of anaphylaxis

3. Lower risk of perforation

Back 114

3 only

Front 115

For a given CT acquisition, the calculated mAs applied to each reconstructed slice may be referred to as

Back 115

Effective mAs

Front 116

The ability of a CT system to maintain consistent Hounsfield values across the entire image of a homogeneous object is termed

Back 116

Uniformity

Front 117

The normal range of cerebral blood flow (CBF) through 100 g of the brain's gray matter is

Back 117

50-60 ml/ 100 g/ min

Front 118

In CTA work dual phase imaging include arterial phase of (______) seconds and portal venous phase of (______) seconds

Back 118

20-30 for arterial

60-70 for portal venous

Front 119

Ischemic brain tissue is identified as an infarct core when cerebral blood volume (CBV) falls below

Back 119

2.5 mL/100 g

Front 120

The portion of the nephron responsible for filtration of unwanted materials from the blood plasma is called the

Back 120

Glumerulus

Front 121

Phantom measurement of the uniformity of a CT system is performed primarily to assess the negative effects of

Back 121

Beam hardening

Front 122

A high-is molar contrast material has an average osmolality of _______ mOsm/kg water

Back 122

1000- 2400

Front 123

Which of the following technical adjustments may be employed to improve the temporal resolution of an MDCT system?

1. Decreased scan time

2. Decreased section width

3. Decreased DFOV

Back 123

Decreased scan time only

Front 124

Front (Term)

Back 124

Back (Definition)