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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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RED BLOOD CELLS
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4-6 MILLION
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PACO2
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35-45
PARTIAL PRESSURE CARBON DIOXIDE IN ARTERIAL BLOOD |
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PH
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7.35-7.45
HYDROGEN CONCENTRATION IN BODY FLUIDS |
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PaO2
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80-100
PARTIAL PRESSURE OF OXYGEN IN THE BLOOD |
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HCO3
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22-26
MAJOR COMPONENT IN THE BICARBONATE BUFFER SYSTEM, WHICH BUFFERS METABOLIC ACIDS |
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PHOSPHATE
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2.7-4.5
NECESSARY FOR PRODUCTION OF ATP, THE ENERGY SOURCE FOR CELLULAR METABOLISM |
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POTASSIUM
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3.5-5.0
MAINTAINS RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL OF SKELETAL, SMOOTH AND CARDIAC MUSCLES, ALLOWING FOR NORMAL MUSCLE FUNCTIONS |
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IONIZED CALCIUM
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4.5-5.3
INFLUENCE EXCITABILITY OF NERVE AND MUSCLE CELLS NECESSARY FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS |
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MAGNESIUM
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1.5-2.5
INFLUENCE FUNCTION OF NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION AND IS A COFACTOR FOR NUMEROUS ENZYMES |
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HYPOKALEMIA
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K+ <3.5
MUSCLE WEAKNESS THAT BEGIN IN QUADRICEPS AND MAY ASCEND TO RESPIRATORY MUSCLES. ABDOMINAL DISTENTION, DECREASED BOWEL SOUNDS, CONSTIPATION, CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS, SIGNS OF DIGOXIN TOXICITY AT NORMAL DIGOXIN LEVEL |
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HYPERKALEMIA
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K+ >5.0
MUSCLE WEAKNESS IN QUADRICEPS TRANSIENT ABDOMINAL CRAMPS AND DIARRHEA, CARDIAC DYSRHYHMIAS, CARDIAC ARREST |
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HYPOCALCEMIA
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SERUM IONIZED <4.5
POSITIVE CHVOSTEK SIGN( CONTRACTIONS OF FACIAL MUSCLES WHEN FACIAL NERVE IS TAPPED) POSITIVE TROUSSEAU SIGN(CARPAL SPASM WITH HYPOXIA), NUMBNESS AND TINGLING OF FINGERS AND CIRCUMORAL(AROUND MOUTH) REGION, HYPERACTIVE REFLEXES, MUSCLE TWITCHING AND CRAMPING, TETANY, SEIZURES, LARYNGOSPASM, CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS |
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HYPERCALCEMIA
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SERUM IONIZED > 5.3
ANOREXIA, NAUSEA, VOMITING, CONSTIPATION, FATIGUE, DIMINISHED REFLEXES, LETHARGY, DECREASED LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS, CONFUSION, PERSONALITY CHANGE, CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS: POSSIBLE FLANK PAIN FROM RENAL CALCULI; WITH HYPERCALCEMIA CAUSED BY SHIFT OF CALCIUM FROM BONE; PATHOLOGICAL FRACTURES; SIGNS OF DIGOXIN TOXICITY AT NORMAL DIGOXIN LEVELS |
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HYPOMAGNESEMIA
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<1.5
CONTRACTIONS OF FACIAL MUSCLES, WHEN FACIAL NERVE IS TAPPED, CARPAL SPASMS WITH HYPOXIA, HYPERACTIVE DEEP TENDON REFLEXES, INSOMNIA, MUSCLE CRAMPS AND TWITCHING, GRIMACING, DYSPHAGIA, TACHYCARDIA, HYPERTENSION, TETANY, SEIZURES, CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS, SIGNS OF DIGOXIN TOXICITY AT NORMAL DIGOXIN LEVEL |
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HYPERMAGNESEMIA
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>2.5
LETHARGY, HYPOACTIVE DEEP TENDON REFLEXES, BRADYCARDIA, HYPOTENSION; ACUTE ELEVATION IN MAGNESIUM LEVELS, FLUSHING, SENSATION OF WARMTH, SEVERE HYPERMAGNESEMIA: FLACCID MUSCLE PARALYSIS DECREASED RATE AND DEPTH OF RESPIRATIONS, CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS, CARDIAC ARREST |
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RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
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PH<7.35 PACO2>45
HEADACHE, LIGHTHEADEDNESS, DECREASED LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS, CONFUSION, LETHARGY, COMA,CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS |
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RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
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PH > 7.5 PACO2 <35
INCREASED RATE AND DEPTH OF RESPIRATIONS(HYPERVENTILATION), LIGHTHEADEDNESS, NUMBNESS AND TINGLING OF EXTREMITIES AND CIRCUMORAL REGION, EXCITEMENT AND CONFUSION POSSIBLY FOLLOWED BY DECREASED LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS, CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS |
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METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
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PH<7.35 HCO3<22 POTASSIUM MAY BE ELEVATED
DECREASED LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS, ABDOMINAL PAIN, CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS, INCREASED RATE AND DEPTH OF RESPIRATIONS |
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METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
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PH>7.45 HCO3>26 POTASSIUM AND IONIZED CALCIUM LEVELS MAY BE DECREASED
LIGHTHEADED, NUMBNESS AND TINGLING OF FINGERS, TOES, AND CIRCUMORAL REGION, POSSIBLE EXCITEMENT AND CONFUSION FOLLOWED BY DECREASED LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS, CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS (MAY BE ATTRIBUTABLE TO HYPOKALEMIA |
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WHITE BLOOD CELL
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5000-10,000/mm
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HYPERNATREMIA
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WATER DEFICIT, IS A HYPERTONIC, LOSS OF RELATIVELY MORE WATER THAN SALT OR GAIN OF RELATIVELY MORE SALT THAN WATER
CEREBRAL DYSFUNCTION WHICH ARISE WHEN BRAIN CELLS SHRIVEL, CLINICAL DEHYDRATION WHEN COMBINED WITH ECV DEFICIT |
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HYPONETREMIA
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WATER EXCESS, A HYPOTONIC CONDITION THAT ARISES FROM GAIN OF RELATIVELY MORE WATER THAN SALT OR LOSS OF RELATIVELY MORE SALT THAN WATER, CELLS SWELL, CEREBRAL DYSFUNCTION
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