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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the normal sleep pattern.
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cyclic, not a valley on unconsciousness, but ups and downs through light into deep and back to light.
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What are the 3 ways to measure sleep?
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EEG, EOG and EMG
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What does the EEG measure?
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electroencephalogram measures brain wave patterns by two electrodes behind the ears.
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What does the EOG measure?
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electrooculogram measures eye movement. Two electrodes attached to each side of the head. The EOG measures changes in voltage between the two electrodes as the eyes move.
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What does the EMG measure?
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the electromyogram measures tonic muscle activity through two electrodes under the chin. (submental muscles)
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Who were the Stages of Sleep developed by?
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Rechtschaffen and Kales. They are determined by EEG,EOG and EMG.
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What are the NonREM stages of sleep?
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0=quiet wakefulness
1=light sleep 2=intermediate sleep 3=deep sleep 4=deepest sleep |
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What is the other NON -rem stage?
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paradoxical sleep or REM sleep.
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Describe quiet wakefulness in regards to EEG, EMG and EOG measures
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EEG = alpha waves 10hz (active thinking)
EMG = moderately high levels of muscle activity EOG = shows occasional eye movements, quick ones. |
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When do alpha waves occur?
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no visual stimuli even if eyes open in the dark. Still awake and able to respond quickly to stimuli
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Describe stage 1 sleep in terms of eeg, EMG and EOG
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EEG = alpha waves are less than 50% and are replaced by theta (4-7hz) and beta waves (20-30hz)
EOG= show slow rolling eye movements EMG= overall tonic activity has decreased. |
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Describe stage 2 sleep in terms of eeg, EMG and EOG
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EEG = start to see sleep spindles (sigma waves 12-14hz) K complexes may also occur. the presence of K complexes and sleep spindles define stage 2.
EMG =still low EOG=no eye movements. |
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Describe stage 3 sleep in terms of eeg, EMG and EOG
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EEG = Begins when delta waves are apparent 20-50% of time in a 30 sec epoch.
EMG= low tonic activity EOG =no eye movements |
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Describe stage 4 sleep in terms of eeg, EMG and EOG
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EEG = When delta waves are more than 50%
EOG =no eye movements EMG= low tonic activity |
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Describe REM sleep in terms of eeg, EMG and EOG
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EEG = high frequency, low amplitude waves with frequent ssaw tooth shapes
EOG = quick rapid flickers EMG = no movement, as though paralysed |
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How long is a sleep cycle?
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90 minutes
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What are the approximate percentages of the stages that make up the sleep period?
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stage 1=5%
stage 2= 50% stage 3/4=25% REM=20% |
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In non-rem sleep when is there no movement at all?
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delta wave sleep
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When does most turning over occur?
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when coming out of deep sleep into lighter sleep the body will adjust after sensing discomfort
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Is REM longer or shorter at the end of the night?
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REm is longer at the end of the night.
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When is Delta wave sleep most apparent/
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at the start of the sleep cycle. Stage 3/4 get shorter as the night goes on and REM gets longer.
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What is Kleitman's BRAC?
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Basic rest activity cycle. Kleitman thought that a 90 min cycle occurred during the day as well in regards to reaction time and visual discrimination.
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When might someone not experience much early REm is their sleep period?
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alchohol inhibits REM
sleep deprivation will inhibit REM and substitute more delta wave sleep instead. |
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What is the REM sleep propensity circadian rhythm?
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Max REm sleep propensity seems to be around 8-10am.
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What illustrates this REM propensity rhythm?
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How sleep deprived shift workers, when trying to go to sleep at 9am will often go straight into REM. This might not happen at another time of the day.
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Of all the sleep stages, which one has the greatest cortical arousal?
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REM.
the least = delta wave sleep |
