Normal Skeletal Soft Tissue

Front 1

articular cartilage, menisci, and IV discs act together to do what?

Back 1

absorb shock and resist compression

Front 2

ligaments, menisci, and IV discs act together to do what?

Back 2

stabilize movement

Front 3

articular cartilage and synovium act together to do what?

Back 3

minimize friction

Front 4

different collagens will have different strengths in terms of what?

Back 4

tensile stregths

Front 5

molecularly compression resistance is acomplished by what?

Back 5

immobilized proteoglycans

Front 6

what is the strucure of collagen?

Back 6

triple helicle protein, many post translational modifications, and glycine every third residue and it is a polyproline helix

Front 7

this collagen is the most abundant in the body and it is the main component of most fibrous CT, bone and skin.

Back 7

type I

Front 8

hyaline cartilage is primarily made of what type of cartilage?

Back 8

type II

Front 9

fibrocartilage is made of what types of cartilage?

Back 9

type I and II

Front 10

articular cartilage is mainly composed of what?

Back 10

hyaline cartilage

Front 11

ligement is composed of mostly what?

Back 11

fibrous tissue, mainly type I collagen and some type III

Front 12

meniscus is composoed of what?

Back 12

fibrocartilage (mainly type I) and some type II collagen

Front 13

what is the structure of proteoglycans?

Back 13

GAGs attached to protein

Front 14

what is the structure of a GAG?

Back 14

repeating disaccharide polymers, usually sulfated

Front 15

what proteoglycan is specefic to all types of fibrocartilage?

Back 15

aggrecan

Front 16

what are some physical properties of polyanionic GAGs?

Back 16

bind water, create resistance to fluid flow and compression

Front 17

what cartilage is thought of as suspended endochondral ossification?

Back 17

articular cartilage

Front 18

what are the zones of articular cartilage?

Back 18

tangentil (thin fibers parallel to the surface), transitional (less fiber organization, more rounded fibers), deep zone (vertical fibers and columnar cells), and tidemark (calcified cartilage between deep zone and subchondral bone)

Front 19

collagen also differs if it is close to achondrocyte. How?

Back 19

the territorial matrix close to the chondrocytes is less organized while the interterritorial matrix has larger, more organized ollagen fibers.

Front 20

where is the water content of cartilage highest?

Back 20

in the deep zone

Front 21

since cartilage is avascular and aneural, what does it reuire?

Back 21

biomechanical loading, but excessive forces will lead to breakdown

Front 22

what happens to cartilage as a person ages?

Back 22

biomechanical function declines and cellular capacity for renewal of the matrix diminishes

Front 23

synovial tissues are a layer of lining cells found where?

Back 23

interior of joint capsule, tendon sheath, brusae, and surface of ligaments

Front 24

what are two roles of synovial tissue?

Back 24

provides metabolic support for avascular cartilage and lubricating synovial fluid

Front 25

distinguish between type A and B synoviocytes.

Back 25

A are mac like that remove debris while B are fibroblast like that secrete HA which contributes to high viscoity and filtration of plasma.

Front 26

what condition is marked by benign nodular proliferation of synovium with inflammation?

Back 26

pigmented villonodular synovitis

Front 27

what condition is marked by nodules of hyaline cartilage within synovium, mechanical disruption of joint, pain, and swelling?

Back 27

synovial chondromatosis

Front 28

how does the elasticity of tendons compare to ligaments?

Back 28

ligaments are more elastic than tendons at low loads

Front 29

what is the vascularized loose CT surrounding collagen fibers within the ligament?

Back 29

endoligament

Front 30

what is the vascularized loose CT on the surface of the ligament?

Back 30

epiligament (proprioceptive nerve fibers are typically here)

Front 31

the direct attachment of ligament to bone contains four zones which are?

Back 31

ligament, calcified and uncalcified, fibrocartilage, and bone

Front 32

describe indirect attachment of ligament to bone.

Back 32

fusion of ligament with periosteum

Front 33

what is an example of a ligament that will repair? one that will not?

Back 33

tibial collatal lig will repair while ACL will not

Front 34

what syndrome is a genetic modification of collagen genes that results in varying degrees of joint laxity?

Back 34

ehlers danlos syndromes (many contortionists have this)

Front 35

what syndrome is a genetic defect in fibrillin gene that leads to joint laxity, abnormal height, blindness, and aortic dilation and aneurysm?

Back 35

marfan's syndrome

Front 36

what does the shape of the menisci do iin terms of stress?

Back 36

circumferential orientation converts axial load into tensile hoop stress.

Front 37

compare injury and movement in lateral and medial meniscus.

Back 37

the medial meniscus is less mobile and provides more stabilty, but it is more prone to injury

Front 38

compare the anterior and posterior horns of the menisci

Back 38

the anterior horns are more mobile, but tearing of the posterior horns is more likely

Front 39

compare tears in vascular and avascular regions of the meniscus.

Back 39

tears in the vascular region may heal, but they require surgical stabilaztion while avascular tears do not heal

Front 40

what anchors the annulus fibrosis to the vertebral body?

Back 40

sharpey's fibers

Front 41

compare the content of the anulus fibrosus and the nucleus pulposus.

Back 41

AF is circumferential collagen fibers, fibrocartilage and fibroblasts while NP is proteoglycan rich gel with chondrocytes.

Front 42

what is the microanatomical structure of a disc herniation?

Back 42

the posterior AF is thinner, thus it tears easily allowing the NP to protrude through which can put pressure on the spinal nerves.

Front 43

describe degenerative disc disease.

Back 43

it is similar to OA. The functional proteoglycan content of NP decreases leading to stiffening. AF becomes stiffer and cracks develop leading to less resiliance and lower viscoelasticity