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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a pathogen
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a disease causing microorganism
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What is a commensal
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Microflora that are found on body parts exposed to the external environment
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What is an opportunistic pathogen and whats it derived from
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A pathogen that can cause an infection when the host defence are impaired, it is derived from normal microbiota
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What is normal flora
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organisms that live on or within the body of healthy individuals
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Name two types of normal flora
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commensalists and mutualists
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What is symbiosis
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Interactions between organisms where at least one of the organisms gain
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Name three symbioses
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Mutulism, parasitism, commensalism
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In which symbioses is the host harmed
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Parasitism
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Which symbioses neither harms or benefits the host
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Commensalism
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Which symbioses benefits the host and microorganism and how
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Mutulism the microbes get a place to live and nutrients
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Why do commensals or mutuals symbiont not damage the host
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they survive because they are harmless
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Name one way in which a microflora can protect and give and example
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It inhibits pathogens lactobacilli in the vagina
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What are the beneficial effects of normal flora
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Colonization resistance
Aid digestive processes (vitamin k and b0 Stimulation of immune system |
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How does colonisation resistance work
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Competition of space with pathogens
Release of bacteriocins and other antibacterial substances to prevent pathogen growth |
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What is the role of the commensals in stimulating the immune system
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They give continuous antigenic stimulation and cross reacting protective immunity against pathogen
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What are detrimental effects of microflora protection
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Body odour
Dental carries (oral streptococci) Acne Ulcers |
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Where has the greatest number of microflora
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Large intestine
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name the Stages of normal flora in large bowel
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Vaginal, lactobacilli are first colonisers
Then Eschericia colli |
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True/false faculitative anaerobes are colonised before strict anaerobes
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True
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How is microbial pathogenesis classified by
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disease, pathogen, virulence, infection, communicable microbial intoxication
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What is kochs postulates
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Criteria which must be satisfied to prove a casual link between microorganism and specific disease
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True or False specific inactivation of the gene that specifies virulence factor should cause a drop in virulence
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True
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What restores virulence
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The reversion of mutated gene or allelic replacement my combination or complementation
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The biochemical or genetic property should always be indented with _______
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Pathogenic strains
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What is vertical transmission of a disease give examples ?
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Persistence of an agent transmitted from parent to offspring
neonatal HIV, streptococcus Gonorrhoea HIV Candida |
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Name three infections that can be transmitted in utero
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Rubella, toxoplasma, listeria
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True/false In utero is a type of vertical transmission
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True
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What is horizontal transmission of disease
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It is transmission between members of the same species
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Give examples of diseases that are transmitted through inhalation of droplets
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Influenza, anthrax diphtheria, spores
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True/false viral and bacterial gastroenteritis and cholera are transmitted through faecal oral
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True
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Give three examples of vector borne diseases
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Lyme disease, malaria, yellow fever
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HIV, hepatitis b and gonorrhoea are examples of diseases caused by _______________ or ____________ ________
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Sex or blood exchange
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True/false gut flora changes/ becomes more complex after weaning
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True
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True/false reinoculation of pure would not produce disease
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False
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How do commensals act as opportunistic bacterias
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Damage to epithelium
Immune suppression transfer to normally sterile areas antibiotic treatment |
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True/false bacterial pneumonia following influenza and staphylococci and psedomonas are not damaging to the epithelium
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False
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Give an example of a disease being transferred to normally sterile areas
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oral streptococci to heart valves following dental surgery
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True/false gut flora causing septicaemia after radiation is a type of immune suppression
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True
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antibiotic treatment for ____________ ____________ and ____________ are examples of commensals as opportunistic pathogens
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Candida, Clostidium difficile
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Following HIV or administration of immunosuppresive drugs the ____________ _____________ can become suppressed
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Immune system
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