Normal Lab Values

Front 1

Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)

Back 1

Normal: 4.2-6.1 million/mm3

Front 2

Low RBCs

Back 2

Hemorrhage, anemia, leukemia, renal disease

Front 3

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

Back 3

Normal values
males = 14-16 g/dl
females = 12-16 g/dl

Front 4

Elevated RBCs

Back 4

MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDW – useful when investigating anemias

Front 5

Hematocrit (Hct)

Back 5

Normal = 37-52%

Front 6

Decreased Hgb

Back 6

Anemia, hemorrhage, cancer, kidney disease, sickle cell disease

Front 7

Platelet Count (Plt)

Back 7

Normal = 150,000 – 400,000 mm3

Front 8

Increased Hgb

Back 8

Hemoconcentration of blood, CHF, high altitudes, severe burns, dehydration, erythrocytosis

Front 9

White Blood Cell Count (Leukocytes)

Back 9

Normal = 5,000-10,000/mm3

Front 10

Increased Hct

Back 10

Dehydration, Erythrocytosis

Front 11

Blood Glucose

Back 11

Normal = 70-105 mg/dl

Front 12

Decreased Hct

Back 12

Anemia, hemorrhage

Front 13

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

Back 13

Normal = 10-20 mg/dl

Front 14

Thrombocytopenia

Back 14

Bone marrow failure, DIC, hemorrhage, cancer therapy

Front 15

Creatinine

Back 15

Normal: 0.5 – 1.2 mg/dl

Front 16

Thrombocythemia

Back 16

Leukemia, tumors

Front 17

BUN/Creatinine Ratio

Back 17

Normal – 6-25 with 15.5 being optimal for adults

Front 18

Increased WBC

Back 18

Leukocytosis

Front 19

Prothrombin Time (PT)

Back 19

Normal = 11-12.5 seconds


Monitor Coumadin (Warfarin) therapy

Front 20

Decreased WBC

Back 20

Leukopenia

Front 21

International Normalized Ratio INR

Back 21

Therapeutic - considered to be 2 – 3.5 in most institutions

Front 22

Increased WBC

Back 22

Infection, Inflammation

Front 23

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

Back 23

Normal = 30-40 seconds

Used to monitor Heparin dose

Front 24

Decreased WBC

Back 24

Bone marrow failure, overwhelming infections

Front 25

Urinalysis Normal findings

Back 25

Appearance: clear Cast: none present
Color: amber yellow Glucose: negative
Odor: aromatic WBC’s: 0-4
pH: 4.6-8.0 RBC’s: up to 2
Protein: none
Specific gravity: 1.005-1.030
Leukocyte esterace: negative
Nitrates: negative
Ketones: negative
Crystals: negative

Front 26

Neutrophils

Back 26

Phagocytosis

Front 27

Sodium (Na+)

Back 27

Normal level = 136-145 mEq/L

Front 28

Basophils & Eosinophils

Back 28

Involved in allergic reaction

Front 29

Potassium (K+)

Back 29

Normal = 3.5 -5 mEq/L

Front 30

Lymphocytes

Back 30

T Cells and B Cells

Front 31

Calcium (Ca+)

Back 31

Normal = 9-10.5 mg/dl

Front 32

Monocytes

Back 32

Fight Bacteria

Front 33

Magnesium (Mg+)

Back 33

Normal = 1.2 – 2 mEq/L

Front 34

Hyperglycemia

Back 34

Diabetes, chronic renal failure, acute pancreatitis

Front 35

Phosphorus (Phosphate) (P-)

Back 35

Normal = 3-4.5 mg/dl

Front 36

Hypoglycemia

Back 36

Hypothyroidism, insulin overdose

Front 37

Chloride (Cl-)

Back 37

Normal = 90-110 mEq/L

Front 38

Increased BUN levels

Back 38

Dehydration, renal failure, ureteral obstruction

Front 39

Decreased BUN levels

Back 39

Overhydration

Front 40

Increased Creatinine Levels

Back 40

Reduced renal blood flow (shock, etc), ATN, diabetic neuropathy

Front 41

Decreased Creatinine Levels

Back 41

Decreased muscle mass (MD, myasthenia gravis)

Front 42

BUN/Creatinine Ratio

Back 42

Good measurement of kidney & liver function

Front 43

Prothrombin Time (PT)

Back 43

Evaluates extrinsic system and common pathway in clothing mechanism

Monitors Coumadin (Warfarin) therapy

Results also include INR

Front 44

International Normalized Ratio

Back 44

Used to have uniform PT results for MDs in different parts of the country and world

Front 45

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

Back 45

Assesses intrinsic system and the common pathway of clot formation

Used to monitor Heparin Dose

Front 46

Increased level of PTT

Back 46

Clotting deficiencies, Heparin administration, cirrhosis

Front 47

Decreased level of PTT

Back 47

DIC, cancer

Front 48

Cloudy Urine

Back 48

Indicates pus, RBC’s or bacteria

Front 49

Bleeding from kidney

Back 49

Dark Red Urine