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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The typical menstrual cycle last for how many days?
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~28 days
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How long does the follicular phase last?
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~14 days
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how long does the luteal phase last?
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Exactly 14 days
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Average duration of menses?
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4 days
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What is Menorrhagia?
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Abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual period @ regular intervals
Bleeding for > 7 days and/or more than 80cc |
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What is Hypermenorrhea?
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The same thing as Menorrhagia
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What is Menometrorrhagia?
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Prolonged uterine bleeding at irregular intervals
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What is Metorrhagia?
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Uterine bleeding @ irregular but frequent intervals (variable amount)
"spotting" |
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How reliable are women in determining if their bleeding is small to moderate or heavy?
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Not at all
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what is the flow of hormones controlling the menstrual cycle?
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Hypothalamus--> GnRH
Ant. Pituitary-->FSH and LH Ovaries-->Progesterone, Estradiol |
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What parts of the endometrium cycle?
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Only the upper 2/3rds (the functionalis)
the basal third (basalis) stays in place |
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Luteal and Follicular are also known as?
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Luteal Phase = Secretory
Follicular = Proliferative |
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Histological appearance of Proliferative Endometrium?
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Tubular Glands w/ Columnar Cells
Surrounding Dense Stroma |
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Histological appearance of the Secretory Endometrium?
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Larger Tortuous Glands w/ Secretions
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Usual causes of abnormal neonatal uterine bleeding?
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Estrogen withdrawal
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Usual causes of abnormal genital bleeding in Premenarchal patients?
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Foreign Body
Trauma Infection Urethral Prolapse Sarcoma Botryoides Ovarian Tumor Precocious Puberty |
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Usual causes of abnormal genital bleeding in early post menarche pts?
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Anovulation
Bleeding diathesis Stress Pregnancy Infection |
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Usual causes of genital bleeding during the reproductive years?
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Anovulation
Pregnancy Cancer Polyps, fibroids, adenomyosis Infection Endocrine Dysfxn Bleeding diathesis Meds |
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Types of endocrine dysfxn affecting stuff?
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PCOS
Thyroid pituitary adenoma |
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What is adenomyosis?
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when endometrial glands and stroma are found in the myometrium
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Perimenopausal causes of genital bleeding?
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Anovulation
Polyps, Fibroids, Adenomyosis Cancer |
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Menopausal causes of genital bleeding?
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Atrophy
Cancer Estrogen Replacement Therapy |
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What is Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding?
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Excessive bleeding w/o demonstrable organic cause (typically endocrine origin)
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Amenorrhea is?
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no cycle for at least 6 months
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Polymenorrhea is?
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bleeding at regular intervals of <21 days
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what is Oligomenorrhea?
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Uterine bleeding at intervals of > 35 days
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Where else might vaginal bleeding originate?
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Urinary Tract
GI Tract |
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What is the most common cause of abnormal bleeding in adolescents?
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Pregnancy
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what is the usual cause of Anovulation?
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Unopposed Estrogen
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What is a normal early U/S sign of pregnancy?
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Double Decidual Sac Sign
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What else is PCOS associated w/?
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Hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance, obesity
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Rx for PCOS?
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OCPs (cause they have anti-androgenic effects)
Insulin-sensitizing agents |
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How many of adolescent admissions for menorrhagia are due to Coagulopathies?
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12-33%
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What % of adolescents presenting w/ menorrhagia at menarche have a coagulopathy?
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50%
??? |
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Initial Work-Up for an adolescent w/ AUB?
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H & P (thyroid, abd, GU/Breasts)
Cultures B-HCG, TSH, Prolactin |
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Rx for AUB?
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Progesterone Challenge
OCPs (low dose, monophasic) Rx underlying cause |
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Majority of post-menopausal AUB cases are caused by?
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Atrophy (60%)
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Other big deal for post-menopausal AUB?
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Endometrial Cancer
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Kicker for Dx of post-menopausal AUB?
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BIOPSY
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What are the most common pelvic tumors in women?
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Leiomyomata (fibroids)
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What the heck are Leiomyomatas?
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Overgrowth of fibroblast in myometrium
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What are the goals of Rx for bleeding?
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Reduce blood loss
Regulate Cycle Stimulate fertility? |
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Different Types of Pharmacotherapy
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Hormones (ocp's)
Progestins IUD NSAIDs |
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Why are NSAIDs good?
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Decrease pain and blood loss via prostaglandin effects
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Types of Surgical Therapy?
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Hysteroscopy
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