Nop: Higher Cortical Function

Front 1

Posterior multimodal area

Back 1

sensory integration

Front 2

Anterior multimodal area

Back 2

motor integration

Front 3

Limbic multimodal

Back 3

memory and conscious emotion

Front 4

Dorsal processing stream

Back 4

where am i

Front 5

Ventral processing stream

Back 5

what am I

Front 6

Aphasia

Back 6

dysfunction of language

Front 7

Agnosia

Back 7

dysfunction of recognition ability

Front 8

Apraxia

Back 8

dysfunction of visuospatial skills

Front 9

Neglect

Back 9

dysfunction of attention

Front 10

Dyexecutive syndrome

Back 10

dysfunction of executive processing

Front 11

Brocas aphasia

Back 11

non fluent effortful speech with no repition

Front 12

Wernickie’s aphasia

Back 12

nonsensical speech with no repeat

Front 13

Conduction aphasia

Back 13

lesion of arcuate fasiculus, defect in repition only

Front 14

Global aphasia

Back 14

impairment of entire production → comprehension stream

Front 15

Watershed infact

Back 15

transcortical motor/sensory aphasias. Leave repetition ability intact

Front 16

Direct attention model

Back 16

dominant hemisphere recognizes objects in both visual fields while non-dominant only recognizes contralateral visual field

Front 17

Parietal Lobe dysfunction

Back 17

can lead to impaired visuoconstructive ability. Failure to attend to a certain side

Front 18

Frontal Orbital Dysfunction

Back 18

irritability, inappropriate affect, dysinhibiton

Front 19

Lateral frontal dysfunction

Back 19

apathy, abulia, psychomotor slowing

Front 20

Declarative memory

Back 20

knowledge. Sematnic/episodic memory

Front 21

Nondelcatitive memory

Back 21

basal ganglia. Skills/habits, imprinting, priming

Front 22

Working memory brain areas

Back 22

activation of language areas, parietal association cortex, central executive

Front 23

Recall of semantic memory ‘knowing’

Back 23

cortical

Front 24

Recall of episodic memory ‘remembering’

Back 24

hippocampal

Front 25

Long-Term Potentiation

Back 25

synapses become increasingly sensitive so constant stimulation is converted into larger postsynaptic output

Front 26

NMDA receptors

Back 26

stimulation associated with LTP

Front 27

Aminophosphonoaleric acid

Back 27

blocks NMDA receptors prevents LTP → memory dysfunction

Front 28

Hippocampal input

Back 28

posterior parietal association area and inferior temporal association area

Front 29

Hippocampal Outflux

Back 29

polysynaptic: fornix→ mammillary bodies → anterior thalamic nuclei. Direct pathway → inferior temporal association cortex

Front 30

Pathway for episodic and spatial memory

Back 30

limbic system. CA1→subiculum→ fornix

Front 31

Pathway for semantic memory

Back 31

CA1→ subiculum

Front 32

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Back 32

thiamine deficiency, possible cause of amnesia

Front 33

Emotion

Back 33

hypothalamus, physical sensation

Front 34

Feeling

Back 34

conscious sensation, cingulate gyrus

Front 35

Three components to emotional perception

Back 35

identification of emotional significance production of affective state, regulation of affective state

Front 36

Anterior Insula

Back 36

perception of unpleasantness and produces aversive behaviors

Front 37

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

Back 37

bilateral amydagloid destruction. Emotional blunting, hyperphagia, inappropriate sexual behavior, visual agnosia