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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Function of Basal Ganglia
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selective activation or inhibiton of motor program
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Anatomical components of basal ganglia
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cortex, striatium (caudate/putamen), globus pallidus interna/external, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, thalamus
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Basal Ganglia Blood Supply
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Anterior, MCA→ anterior chorodial/lenticulostriate. Posterior, PCA→ thalamoperforating, thalamogeniculate
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Excitation of striatum
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excitatory glutamate from cortex
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Modulation of Striatum
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DA from substantia nigra-pars compacta
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D1
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stimulates direct pathway (globus pallidus interna)
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D2
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inhibits indirect pathway (globus pallidus externa)
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Striatal output
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GABA
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Globus Pallidus Interna Inhibiatory Input
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GABA from striatum (direct pathway)
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Globus Pallidus Interna Exciatory Input
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Glutamate from subthalamic nucleus (indirect)
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Selection of Motor Program
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increased direct pathway. Decreased inhibition of thalamus by increased inhibition of GPi/SNr
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Inhibition of Motor Programs
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increased indirect pathway→ increased inhibiton of GPe → decreased inhibition of STN → increased excitation of GPi/SNPR → increased inhibition on thatalmus
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Direct Pathway
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selects motor program
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Indirect Pathway
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inhibits motor program
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Increased direct pathway
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decrease inhibition on thalamus → select motor pathway
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Increase Indirect Pathway
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increase inhibition on thatalmus → inhibit motor pathway
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Spit out DA from SNpc
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decrease indirect pathway, increase direct pathway, → decrease thalamic inhibition → select motor program
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Wipe out DA from SNpc
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favor indirect pathway → increase thalamic inhibition → inhibit motor program selection
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Glutamate
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positive
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GABA
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negative
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Hypokinetic Disrodres
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Parkinsons
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Parkinsons
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DA deficiency. Decreased direct and increased indirect pathways → inhibits motor programs
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Non motor DA issues of Parkinsons
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hyposomia, GI problems. Sleep disturbances, mood swings, cognitive function
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Hyper kinetic Disorders
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Huntington’s disease
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