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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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diffrences in hearing between the sexes
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women have better hearing sensitivity and experiance greater deterioration from high noise exposure. Men are better at sound localization and detecting specific sounds
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how is sound produced?
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sound requires a medium to travel through such as water and air. Sound vibrations create constant sucessive bunching and spreading of molecules.
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the outer ear
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the pinna
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tympanic membrane
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sound waves pass through the canal to this area better known as the ear drum. Sound waves make the drum vibrate
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Middle ear
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the vibrations of the eardrum are convayed to the bones (ossicles) of the middle ear
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Ossicles
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three tiny bones called the malleus(hammer), the incus (anvil), and the (stapes) stirrup
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eustachain tubes
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connect ear to throut which permits ear to equalize air pressure
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Cochlea
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the oval window in the inner ear. Vibrations in the window send waves through a fluid filled membrane
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basilar membrane
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found in the cochlea the movement of hair cells known as cillia triggers inpulses that travel along the auditory nerve
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pitch
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the frequency of a sound
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absolute pitch
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identify and produce tones of a specific pitch
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hearing range
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20-20000 Hz
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place theory
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assumes that particular points on the basilar membrane vibrate maximally in response to sound waves of particularly frequencies
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Bekesy
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won the nobel prize for his reaserch on the place theory
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frequency theory
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assumes that the basilar membrane vibrates as a whole in direct proportion to the frequency of the sound waves striking the ear drum (only holds true for sounds over 1000 Hz)
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volley theory
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weaver, between 1000 and 5000, sound waves in this range induce certain groups of auditory neurons to fire in volleys
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loudness perception
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depends on both the number and the firing thresholds of hair cells on the basilar membrane that are stimulated
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unit of intensity
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decible named for Alexander Gram Bell
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conduction deafness
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a mechanical problem in teh outer or middle ear, can be simply wax, if more serious sugury can help
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nerve deafness
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a problem with the inner ear, the auditory nerve, or the auditory cotex. typically results in loss of frequency
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cochlear implants
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rlectronic stimulation of the neurons
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timbre
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the quality of a sound
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sound localization
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involves discerning where sounds are coming from, important for servival
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