Nonvascular Plants: Liverworts And Mosses

Front 1

Embryo

Back 1

An organism in the earliest stage of development

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Sporic meiosis

Back 2

Life cycle that has two multicellular generations

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alternation of generation

Back 3

the alternation between the haploid gametophyte and the diploid sporophyte in a plant's life cycle

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gametophyte

Back 4

A haploid plant or plant structure that produces haploid gametes through mitosis.

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Sporophyte

Back 5

Diploid, or spore-producing, phase of an organism by meiosis

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dominant gametophye

Back 6

non-vascular plants

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dominant sporophyte

Back 7

vascular plants

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thallus

Back 8

tissue of non-vascular plant, simple sheet of cells (one or more layers thick)

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gemma

Back 9

small multicellular reproductive structures

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gemma cup

Back 10

Small cup-like structures bearing gemmae, Failsafe mechanism for liverwort lifecycle. Part of the gametophyte, can reproduce asexually when male and female gametes can't locate one another

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archegoniophore

Back 11

in some liverworts, a stalk (gametophore) that bears archegonia, a multicellular structure in which a single egg is produced; found in the bryophytes and some vascular plants

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antheridiophore

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stalk bearing antheridia as in certain mosses and liverworts

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cuticle

Back 13

A waxy layer that covers the outer epidermal wall, which prevents water loss

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rhizoid

Back 14

Threadlike structures that anchor nonvascular plants to the ground.

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Air pore

Back 15

gas exchange

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air chamber

Back 16

chamber under air pore

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antheridium

Back 17

In plants, the male gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop.

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Archegonium

Back 18

In plants, the female gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop.

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egg cell

Back 19

the female reproductive cell

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neck

Back 20

elongated portion of archegonium

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neck canal

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where sperm swim up

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neck canal cell

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release chemical sperm attractant

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sterile jacket layer

Back 23

Protective layer over antheridia and archegonia

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spermatogenous tissue

Back 24

tissue of the male gametophyte, or pollen grain, of gymnosperms, which divides mitotically to form two sperm

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calyptra

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protect sporophyte from mechanical injury and desiccation, develop from expanded venter and neck

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foot

Back 26

to absorb nutrients

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seta

Back 27

raise capsule for spore dispersal

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sporangium

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organ containing or producing spores, meiosis

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sporogenous tissue

Back 29

tissue on the inside of a sporangium that undergo meiosis to produce 1n spores

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elater

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long, twisted, moist cells that surround haploid spores of liverworts, when they dry out they twist and jerk around and scatter the spores they contain. Dead at maturity.

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Columella

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Central sterile tissue in moss capsule

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Protonema

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A mass of green, branched, one-cell-thick filaments produced by germinating moss spores.

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Paraphyses

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sterile hair to protect gametangia from mechanical injuries and desiccation

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Operculum

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cap like opening for spore to disperse

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Peristome

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teeth like structures that mediate dispersal of spores from sporangium when operculum opens

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Characteristics of Non Vascular Plant

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all have dominant gametophyte generation
all have complete or partially dependent sporophyte phase
no true (lignified) vascular tissue
gametophyte plant body is thallus
sperm swims in liquid to egg
asexual reproduction is by fragmentation or gemma