Nonfiction Vocab

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Informational Text

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It is nonfiction written primarily to convey factual information(facts) Ex: textbooks, newspapers,reports, directions, brochures, technical materials, etc.

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Cite

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To quote

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explicit

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Definite clearly stated in the text

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Central Idea

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Identifies the main concept, point, issue, conclusion that you want the audience to understand, believe, or feel

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implicit

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Understood but not directly stated in the text

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theme

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The main idea or meaning of a text. Often this is an insight about human life revealed in a literary work

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inference

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logical conclusion based on prior knowledge and experience combined with information in the text

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analyze

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to break down in seperate parts to study

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textual evidence

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Supporting a statement with information from text Ex. quotes, paraphrases, and summaries

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connotative

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Representing a feeling associated with a word

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figurative

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not literal

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Main idea and supporting details text structure

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This type of structure starts by telling the reader the most important point or points. Then details are given that support the main point

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text structure

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How a piece of writing is organized; includes chronological order, logical order, main idea, and supporting detail, etc.

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descriptive text structure

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Author describes a topic by listing characteristics, features, and examples

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cause and effect text structure

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Text that is written to show how one thing caused another and uses signal words that show authors'' way of thinking..ex: therefore, for this reasoin, accordingly, as a result of, consequently, is caused by, because, etc.

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problem and solution text structure

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A text structure where a problem is described and a response or solution is proposed or explained

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compare contrast text structure

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Text that is written based on naming similarities and differences between two or more things

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point of view

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the perspective from which the writer tells the story (1st, 2nd, or 3rd person; omniscent or limitied)

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chronological order/time order/sequential order structure

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Events are arranged in the order in which they happened

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objective

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Not influenced by personal opinion, just the facts, unbiased

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Author's purpose

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The reason the author has for the writing (inform, teach, persuade, express, and entertain)

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graphic aids

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Pictures, maps, illistrations, charts, etc

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author's argument

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Authors' beliefs or attitudes as expressed in his or her work

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heading

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A line of text serving to indicate what the passage below is about

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author's claim

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An author's position on a problem or issue

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sub-heading

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The title of a section of the text that has already been divided by a heading

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validity

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The accuracy of the information. Is it up-to-date written by a reliable author, contained in a reputable publication, and directly related to the topic?

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caption

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Brief explaination or description of an illustration/picture

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text features

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Things such as headings, sub headings, bulleted lists, and graphics that help a reader find important information

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side bar

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Text set off from the main body of text box that provides additional information for the reader

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topic

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the specific subject of a piece of writing

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fallacy

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A false or mistaken idea

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main idea

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What the author says about the topic; the most important message of the selection

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skim

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Reading or glancing through, quickly looking at graphics, illustrations, headings, and sub headings

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supporting details

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Facts or ideas that support or back up the main idea of a selection

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scan

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to look quickly through a reading for specific information

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coherent

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Arranged well; making sense

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diagram

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A plan, sketch, drawing, or outline designed to demonstrate or explain something

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credible

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Believable;reliable

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bias

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A prejudiced view (either for or against)

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logic

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Based on sound reasons and arguments; supported by facts and by the realtionships among the facts

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ethical appeal

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Appeals to one's sense of right and wrong

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premise

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A statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn

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appeal to fear

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A specific type of appeal to emotion where an argument is made by increasing fear and prejudice towards the opposing side (a fallacy)

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counterargument

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An argument offered in oppostion to another argument

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appeal to pity

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When someone tries to make us do something only because we pity him or we pity something associated with him (a fallacy)

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persuasive technique

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Method used to convince a person to act or think in a certain way

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Logical fallacy

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False reasoning that occurs when someone attempts to persuade without adequate evidence or with arguments that or irrelevent or inappropriate

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bandwagon appeal

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Ad that implies that everyone is doing it so you should too

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testimonial

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Attempts to persuade the reader by using a famous person to endorse a product or idea

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propaganda

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A kind of biased communication designed to influence people's thoughts and actioins

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figure of speech

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Language used in a figurative or non literal sense

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emotional appeal

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tries to persuade the reader by using words that appeal to the reader's emotions instead of to logic or reawson