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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A human being's chromosomes are made up of
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autosomes and sex chromosomes
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How many autosomes are in a human cell
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44
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How many sex chromosomes are in a human cell
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2
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What is an autosome
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an autosome contains the genetic information for the majority of your physical and chemical traits - enzymes in the body, hair color, eye color, nose shape, hair line, height, and skin color.
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What is a sex chromosome
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a sex chromosome contains the genetic information to make an individual male or female
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Nondisjunction is what
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when a cell divides incorrectly in meioisis or mitosis, and nondisjunction can occur. Nondisjunction is the improper division of a cell, and causes the daughter cells to have more or less chromosomes than they normally would have.
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When an egg cell is fertilized with the sperm that has an extra chromosome, the _____ will have an extra chromosome in all of its cells
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zygote
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An individual that has an extra chromosome and has three chromosomes at a homologous pair instead of the typical two, is known as ______
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trisomy
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A person with Down syndrome has _____ at chromosome ____
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trisomy, 21
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An individual that lacks a chromosome and does not have a homologous pair for one of its chromosomes is known as _______
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monosomy
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An individual with Turner's syndrome has ______
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monosomy
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Klinefelter is a _____
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trisomy
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Turner is a ____
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monosomy
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Triple X is a _____
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trisomy
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Down Syndrome is a ______ _____
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Trisomy 21
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Edward Syndrome is a _____ _____
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Trisomy 18
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Pateau Syndrome is a ______ _____
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Trisomy 13
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To learn about an individual's genetic information, a ________ can be performed
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karyotype
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Karyotypes are created using tissue, and this tissue is obtained by two methods, _____ and _____
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amniocentesis and CVS
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Amniocentesis is
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a technique in which amniotic fluid is withdrawn from the sac surrounding the baby.
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CVS is
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a technique where a needle is placed into the placenta and tissue is extracted
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A woman who is 40 has a ___ chance of having a baby with Down's syndrome
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1:100
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A woman who is 30 has a __ chance of having a baby with Down's syndrome
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1:800
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A woman who is 20 has a __ chance of having a baby with Down's syndrome
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1:1500
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Amniocentesis can only be performed after the __ week of pregnancy
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15th
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CVS stands for ________ _______ ______
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Chorionic Villi Sampling
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CVS can be performed after the __ week of pregnancy
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11th
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Symptoms of Klinefelter's Syndrome
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Small testes, development of breasts, male
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Symptoms of Turner's Syndrome
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Infertile, short, webbed neck, broad chest, female
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Symptoms of Triple X Syndrome
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Physically and mentally normal female
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Symptoms of Down's Syndrome
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Mental retardation, flat face, heart problems
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Symptoms of Edward's Syndrome
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Mental retardation, fisted hands, heart problems
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Symptoms of Patau's Syndrome
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Cleft palate, mental retardation, small eyes, malformed ears
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