Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what is the venous drainage of the prostate?
|
mainly internal iliac vein (and internal vertebral venous plexus)
|
|
|
what is the venous drainage of the erectile tissue of the penis?
|
deep dorsal vein of penis passes inferior to pubic symphysis and drains to prostatic venous plexus
|
|
|
what comprises the root of the penis?
|
bulb and 2 crura
|
|
|
what comprises the body of the penis?
|
corpus spongiosum and w corpora cavernosa
|
|
|
what are the three bodies of erectile tissue of the penis?
|
root
body glans penis |
|
|
what is the arterial supply to the penis?
|
internal pudendal artery
|
|
|
what is the muscle covering the bulb of the penis?
|
bulbospongiosus muscle
|
|
|
what is the muscle covering the crura of the penis?
|
ischiocavernosus muscle
|
|
|
what attaches the ovary to the broad ligament?
|
mesovarium
|
|
|
what attaches the ovary to the uterus?
|
ovarian ligament
|
|
|
what attaches the ovary to the uterine tube?
|
one or more fimbriae
|
|
|
where do the ovaries sit in nulliparous females?
|
ovarian fossa (lateral pelvic wall between ext iliac artery and ureter)
|
|
|
what type of epithelium lines the outer surface of the ovary?
|
cuboidal epithelium
|
|
|
what contains the ovarian vessels?
|
suspensory ligament
|
|
|
what is the nerve supply to the ovaries?
|
plexus on ovarian artery (sympathetic from T10)
reinforced by branches of hypogastric plexus |
|
|
where does ovary pain refer?
|
L or R lower quadrant
(may refer to medial thigh - ovary overlies obturator nerve on side wall of pelvis) |
|
|
what are the parts of the uterine tube from the uterus to the ovary?
|
uterine
isthmus ampulla infundibulum fimbriae |
|
|
what is the opening into the peritoneal cavity from the uterine tube?
|
abdominal ostium
|
|
|
what is salpingitis?
|
inflammation of the uterine tube
|
|
|
what is the normal location of fertilisation?
|
ampulla of uterine tube
|
|
|
how thick are the muscular walls of the uterus?
|
1 cm
|
|
|
what are the internal and external os?
|
internal os - opening from cervix to uterus
external os - opening from cervix to vagina |
|
|
what is the perimetrium?
|
serosal covering of uterus
|
|
|
where does the peritoneum come off the bladder and onto the uterus?
|
at the junction of the cervix and the body of the uterus
|
|
|
what is the deepest pouch in the peritoneal cavity?
|
rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)
|
|
|
what is the angle of anteversion?
|
angle between long axis of vagina and long axis of cervix
|
|
|
t/f... the uterus usually projects into the anterior wall of the vagina
|
true
|
|
|
what is it called if the uterus projects into the posterior wall of the vagina?
|
retroversion
|
|
|
what is the angle of anteflexion?
|
angle between cervix and body of uterus
|
|
|
what guides the descent of the ovary into the pelvic cavity?
|
gubernaculum
|
|
|
what are the remains of the gubernaculum in the female?
|
round ligament
ovarian ligament |
|
|
where does the round ligament lie?
|
attached to uterus below the uterine tube, passes through inguinal canal to labium majus
|
|
|
what is the mesosalpinx?
|
part of the broad ligament between uterine tubes and ovary
|
|
|
what is the part of the broad ligament beneath the round ligament?
|
mesometrium
|
|
|
what is the suspensory ligament?
|
peritoneum covering ovarian vessels
|
|
|
what provides active support of the uterus?
|
muscular support - levator ani
|
|
|
what provides poassive support of uterus?
|
ligaments - pubocervical. transverse cervical, uterosacral
|
|
|
where do the ovarian arteries arise?
|
from abdominal aorta
|
|
|
what does the ovarian artery supply?
|
ovary and uterine tube
|
|
|
where do the uterine and vaginal arteries branch from?
|
internal iliac artery
|
|
|
what is the blood supply to the female external genitalia including erectile tissue?
|
internal pudendal artery
|
|
|
what are the anterior relationships to the vagina?
|
bladder
urethra |
|
|
what are the posterior relationships of the vagina?
|
rectum
perineal body |
|
|
t/f... the labia minora contain fat
|
false
|
|
|
what is the thick fibrous capsule surrounding the testes?
|
white tunic
|
|
|
what is attached to the outer surface of the white tunic surrounding the testes?
|
tunica vaginalis
|
|
|
which cells in the testes produce androgens?
|
interstitial (Leydig) cells
|
|
|
which cells in the testes secrete androgen binding protein and inhibins?
|
Sertoli cells
|
|
|
where does production of spermatozoa occur?
|
seminiferous tubules
|
|
|
what do the bulbourethral glands secrete?
|
mucous lubricant (prior to ejaculation)
|
|
|
which glands add secretions at ejaculation?
|
seminal vesicles
prostate |
|
|
what is the main storage site for spermatozoa prior to ejaculation?
|
tail of epididymis
|
|
|
where does the final maturation of the spermatozoa occur?
|
female tract
|
|
|
what are the three layers of the bladder?
|
urothelium (multilayered transitional epithelium)
muscular layer (detrusor) adventitial layer covered posteriorly by peritoneum |
|
|
where is the internal urethral sphincter?
|
bladder neck
|
|
|
which urethral sphincter is under voluntary control?
|
external urethral sphincter
|
|
|
where is the external urethral sphincter in males and females?
|
males - apex of prostate to membranous urethra
females - mid urethra |
|
|
where do pelvic parasympathetic nerves originate?
|
S2-4
|
|
|
where do the lumbar sympathetic nerves originate?
|
T10-L2
|
|
|
which plexus innervates the smooth muscle of bladder base, bladder neck and prox urethra?
|
hypogastric plexus
|
|
|
what is the somatic motor innervation of the lower urinary tract?
|
S2-3 via pudendal and pelvic nerves
|
|
|
how is awareness of bladder filling sensed?
|
stretch receptors in detrusor muscle->parasymp->sacral SC->brainstem (pontine micturition centre)->cortex
|
|
|
where does sensation of bladder fullness originate?
|
trigone
|
|
|
what mediates the sensation of bladder fullness?
|
sympathetic fibres
|
|
|
what mediates the sensation of urgency?
|
pudendal nerve afferents
|
|
|
what is responsible for co-ordinated mucturition with detrusor contraction and synchronous relaxation of the sphincter?
|
pontine micturition centre
|
|
|
what is the most common cause of urinary retention?
|
obstruction to bladder outlet
|
|
|
what goes through the prostate?
|
prostatic urethra
two ejaculatory ducts (terminal portions of vas deferens) |
|
|
where do the ejaculatory ducts exit the prostate?
|
verumontanum
|
|
|
what are the three glandular zones of the prostate?
|
central
transition peripheral |
|
|
where does benign prostatic hypertrophy occur?
|
transitional zone
|
|
|
where does most prostate cancer arise from?
|
peripheral zone
|
|
|
what is the blood supply to the prostate?
|
branches of the internal iliac arteries
|
|
|
what is the venous drainage of the prostate?
|
dorsal vein of penis
|
|
|
what guides the descent to the testes through the abdominal wall into the scrotum?
|
gubernaculum
|
|
|
what is obliterated to form the tunica vaginalis assoicated with the testes and epididymis?
|
processus vaginalis
|
|
|
what are the coverings of testis and spermatic cord?
|
external spermatic fascia
cremasteric fascia and muscle internal spermatic fascia |
|
|
what are the layers of superficial fascia around the pelvis?
|
membranous layer (Scarpa's)
fatty layer (Camper's) |
|
|
what is the cremaster muscle?
|
skeletal muscle
lifts testis |
|
|
what is the sensory nerve supply to scrotum?
|
ant 1/3: L1 (ilioinguinal)
post 2/3: S3 (pudendal n) |
|
|
what does the left testicular vein join with?
|
left renal vein->IVC
|
|
|
what is the lymphatic drainage of the scrotum?
|
superficial inguinal nodes
|
|
|
what is the lymphatic drainage of the testis?
|
drains to lateral aortic nodes
|
|
|
where does the testicular vein originate?
|
pampiniform plexus of spermatic cord
|
|
|
which pampiniform plexus more commonly forms varicocele?
|
left
|
|
|
which spinal nerve gives sympathetic supply to testis?
|
T10
|
|
|
what does each lobule in the testis contain?
|
1-3 seminiferous tubules
|
|
|
where is sperm produced?
|
walls of seminiferous tubules
|
|
|
what forms the septa in the testis?
|
tunica albuginea
|
|
|
where does maturation of sperm occur?
|
epididymis
|
|
|
how long is the duct contained in the epididymis?
|
6m
|
|
|
what is the tunica vaginalis?
|
closed serous sac on anterior surface and sides of each testis and epididymis
|
|
|
what is the sinus of epididymis?
|
lateral recess between epididymis and testis
|
|
|
which nerve supplies cremaster muscle?
|
genitofemoral nerrve
|
|
|
where is the spermatic cord?
|
extends from deep inguinal ring to upper pole of testes
|
|
|
what is contained in the spermatic cord?
|
ductus deferens
testicular artery (and artery of ductus deferens) pampiniform plexus of veins lymph vessels autonomic and sensory nerves genital branch of genitofemoral n |
|
|
how long is the ductus deferens?
|
45 cm
|
|
|
where in the deep inguinal ring is the ductus deferens?
|
lateral to inferior epigastric artery
|
|
|
what forms the "bridge" over the ureter in males?
|
ductus deferens
|
|
|
what forms the ejaculatory duct?
|
union of dd and duct of seminal vesicle
|
|
|
what supports the prostate laterally?
|
levator ani muscle
|
|
|
how many ducts drain into prostatic urethra?
|
20-30
|
|
|
what is the blood supply to prostate?
|
branches of internal iliac arteries (drains to internal iliac veins)
|
|
|
what is the lymphatic drainage of the prostate gland?
|
internal and external iliac nodes
|
|
|
where is the prostatic venous plexus?
|
anterior and lateral to prostate between capsule and fascia
|
|
|
where does the deep dorsal vein of penis drain?
|
prostatic venous plexus
|
|
|
where does the deep dorsal vein of penis pass relative to pubic symphysis?
|
inferior
|
|
|
what size is an ovary?
|
3cmx1.5x1.5
|
|
|
which surface of the broad ligament is the ovary attached to (and how)?
|
back of broad ligament by mesovarium
|
|
|
what connects the ovary to the uterine tube?
|
one or more fimbriae
|
|
|
which is the longest part of the uterine tube?
|
ampulla
|
|
|
what is the normal location of fertilisation?
|
ampulla part of uterine tube
|
|
|
what is the usual angle of anteversion?
|
90degrees
|
|
|
what is the usual angle of anteflexion?
|
170 degrees
|
|
|
what is the broad ligament?
|
double layer of peritoneum lateral to uterus and slung from uterine tube
|
|
|
what are the remains of the gubernaculum in the female?
|
round ligament and ovarian ligament
|
|
|
what are the parts of the broad ligament?
|
mesosalpinx
mesovarium mesometrium suspensory ligament |
|
|
what is contained in the suspensory ligament?
|
ovarian vessels
|
|
|
what is the blood supply to the ovary and uterine tube?
|
ovarian artery (from aorta)
|
|
|
which branches of the internal iliac artery supply the female genitalia?
|
uterine artery
vaginal artery internal pudendal artery |
|
|
what is the venous drainage of the female erectile tissue?
|
dorsal vein of clitoris into pelvic cavity
|
