Non-Monocot Plant Families

Front 1

Nymphaeaceae- Water Lily Family (ANITA GRADE)

Back 1

-Aquatic, rhizomatous herbs
-Nuphar rhizome with adventitious roots
-stems w/ scattered vascular bundles (no 2o growth)
-stems w/ conspicuous air canals (and usually lactifers)
-usually producing mucilage (slime)
-leaves submerged, floating, or emergent
-flowers w/ a long pedicel;
usually floating or raised above surface
-bisexual, radial
-tepals 4-12, often petaloid
-“petals” (petaloid staminodes) lacking or 8-numerous; often intergrading w/ stamens
-stamens 3-numerous
-filaments slender or laminar
-pollen monosulcate
-carpels 3-numerous, distinct or connate
-stigma elongate & radiating
-fruit various (aggregate of nuts or few-seeded indehiscent pods, a berry, or an irregularly dehiscent fleshy capsule)
-Distribution & Ecology: freshwater wetlands (rivers, ponds, lakes) in tropical to cold-temperate regions
-Economic Importance: aquarium plants & ornamentals

Front 2

Magnoliaceae – Magnolia Family (Magnoliid Clade)

Back 2

-trees or shrubs
-wood with primitive vessels and scalariform perforation plates
-nodes are multi-lacunar; twigs with separate pith
-spherical cells contain aromatic terpenoids
-leaves with simple, most entire, blade with pellucid dots
-stipules present and surrounding the terminal bud
-flowers showy, bisexual, solitary, terminal
-tepals 6-numerous; stamens numerous, laminar; pollen monosulcate
-carpels numerous, distinct, elongate receptacle
-ovary superior, stigma in come taxa extending down style
-fruit an aggregate of follicles (sometimes fleshy)
-seed with red/orange fleshy seed coat; usually dangling from a thread (Except in Liriodendron w/ samara)
-Endosperm homogenous (In some prominent or lacking)
-Temperate to tropical regions of Eastern N. America and E. Asia

Front 3

Lauraceae- The Laurel Family (Magnoliid Clade)

Back 3

-Trees or shrubs
-Unilacular nodes (only one gap)
-Spherical cells with aromatic terpenoids
-Leaves alternate, spiral, simple, usually entire; prominent veins
-Leaces with pellucid dots, no stipules; small pale colored, receptacle connate
-Tepals usually 6; stamens 3-12, filaments with paired appendages; anthers open by 2-4 flaps (sticky pollen pulled out as flap opens)
-Ovary superior (1 carpel, 1 ovule) fruit a drupe or 1 seeded berry
-Fruit often associated with a persistent receptable= fruit with a capsule
-Large embryo, endosperm lacking
-Widespread in wet forests, especially in the tropics and subtropics
-Economics: Cinnamon, Laurus nobils (Bay), Persea (Avocado), Sassafras

Front 4

Ranunculaceae- The Buttercup Family (Basal Tricolpate Family)

Back 4

-Mostly herbs (some shrubs or vines)
-Leaves usually alternate, simple (Sometimes lobed or compound)
-No stipuoles but they do have toxic compounds
-Flowers bisexual, radial to occasionally bilateral
-Tepals 4 to many or 5 sepals and 5 petals
-Petals or Tepals often with nectar-producing portion at base
-Receptacle short to elongate
-Stamens numerous; carpels 5 to numerous. distinct
-Fruit: an aggregate of follicles or achenes
-Widespread especially in temperate and boreal Northern Hemisphere; ornamentals

Front 5

Caryophyllaceae- The Carnation or Pink Family (Tricolpates/Eudicots)

Back 5

-Usually herbs
-Anthrocyanin pigments
-Leaves opposite, simple, entire; nodes swollen--often narrow and appearing parallel-veined
-tepals 4-5 usually appearing to be sepals; sepals distinct to connate
-True petals lacking; outer whorl is petaloid stamens
-Petals frequently bi-lobed (Stamens)
-Thin "claw" and expanded "limb"; separated by a joint
-"Tree" stamens 4-10; ovary superior; free central or basal
-Fruit: Loculicidal capsule or a utricle
-Widespread in temperate N. Hemisphere
-Open or disturbed habitats; ornamentals

Front 6

Phytoloccaceae- The Pokeweed Family (Tricolpate/ Eudicots)

Back 6

-Usually herbs
-Betalain pigments
-Raphide crystals of calcium oxalate
-Leaves alternate, simple, entire with pinnate veination
-Inflorescence raceme or spike; terminal but appearing lateral and opposite to the leaves
-Flowers bisexual/ radial; tepals 5 (distinct), stamen 10 to many
-Carpels 3 to many, clearly to slightly connate; ovary superior
-1 Ovule per locule
-Fruit: Berry, widespread in tropical/ warm temperate regions; early successional with seeds viable for decades
-Very poisonous

Front 7

Amaranthaceae- The Amaranth Family (Tricolpates/ Eudicots)

Back 7

- Usually herbaceous/ suffrutescent shrubs; sometimes succulent; C4 photosynthesis
-Betalain pigments
-Leaves simple, alternate or opposite; veins often obscure
-Tepals 3-5; green/herbaceous or fleshy or white/reddish dry papery
-Stamens 3-5; opposite tepals
-Ovary superiour; basal, often 1 ovule
-Fruit: Achene, utricle or pyxis; usually associated with a persistent perianth and/or bracts
-Cosmopolitan, especially in disturbed/arid/saline habitats
-Economics: Beets, Swiss Chard, Spinach; seeds used as flour or grain (Quinoa); ornamentals

Front 8

Cactaceae- The Cactus Family (Tricolpates/ Eudicots)

Back 8

-Spiny stemmed succulents; CAM metabolism
-Herbs to trees; betalain pigments
-Long shoots with ephemoral leaves
-Short shoots (areoles) with spine; areoles often with glochids (Barbs)
-Flowers sunken into apex of modified branch; hypanthium present
-Ovary/ hypanthium surrounded by modified stem
-Bisexual, usually radial, stamens numerous, usually petaloid
-Tepals numerous, distinct, spirally arranged
-Fruit: many seeded berry, usually surrounded by stem tissue
-New World/ typically arid
-Ornamentals= Prickly Pear, Christmas Cactus, Peyote
Ex.) Opuntia= Jam making story

Front 9

Droseraceae- The Sundew Family (Tricolpates/ Eudicots)

Back 9

-Most are insectivorous herbs
-Hairs stalked, glandular, producing mucilage (usually containing Xylem)
- Leaves alternate, circinate, simple
-Blade sensitive, forming a snap trap or covered with sticky hairs
-5 Sepals, 5 petals, 5 to many stamen
-Ovary 3-carpellate, superior
-Fruit: Loculicidal capsule
-Widely distributed
-Economic Importance= Cultivated as novelties

Front 10

Polygoneceae- The Knotweed Family (Tricolpates/ Eudicots)

Back 10

-Herbs, shrubs, trees or vines
-Leaves alternate, simple; nodes swollen
-Stipules connate into a sheath (Ochrea) around the stem
-Perianth of 6 petaloid tepals or 3 sepal-like and 3 petal-like
-Quinconcial aestivation (2 outside, 2 inside, 1 in and out)
-Tepals persistent in fruit
-Ovary superios, 1 ovule, basal placentation
-Fruit: Achene or nutlet
-Associated with perianth with an outgrowth
-Widely distributed; N. Temperate Region
-Many common weeds, edible fruits, petioles, leaves
-Ornamentals

Front 11

Geraniaceae- The Geranium Family (Tricolpates/ Eudicots)

Back 11

-Usually herbs; stems jointed at the nodes
-Hairs often glandular with aromatic oils
-Leaves simple, palmate (Can be compound)
- Sepals 5, petals 5, stamens 5-15
-5 Carpellate ovary
-1 style with a central column
-Fruit a schizocarp
-5 one-seeded segments separate elastically from the persistent central column
-Widespread temperate and subtropics
-Ornamentals/ Geranium Oil