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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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B. Cepacia is what type of pathogen? |
-plant pathogen "onion rot" -also associated with immunocompromised patients |
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B. mallei |
-causes glander in equines |
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what is the only non-motile pseudo? |
-B. mallei |
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what does B.pseudomallei cause? |
-causes melioidosis -seen in south east asia |
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melioidosis |
-caused by B.pseudomallei - glander like disease ranging from pulmonary to fatal septicemia -may lie quiescent then reactivate so its called "Vietnamese time bomb" |
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B. (Ralstonia) pickettii |
-opportunistic pathogen |
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Burkholderia Cepacia is a... |
-low grade nosocomial pathogen
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where is Burkholderia cepacia seen? |
- in pneumonia of cystic fibrosis patients |
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B. Cepacia produces.... |
a nonfluorescing yellow or green pigment that may diffuse into the media |
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Burkholderia gladioli is found in who? |
-cystic fibrosis patients |
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Burkholderia gladioli |
-more susceptible to antimicrobials than B.cepacia -is motile |
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Burkholderia pseudomallei is the cause of what |
-meliodosis |
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meliodosis is what type of disease? |
-an aggressive granulomatous pulmonary disease -overwhelming septicemia may occur |
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who is at risk to melioidosis? |
travelers to endemic areas are at risk |
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melioidosis: |
-clinical response to therapy is slow -relapses are common |
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which bacteria does not grow on MacConkey agar? |
-Sphingomons paucimobilis |
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how long does sphingomons paucimobilis require on a blood agar? |
-more than 48 hours |
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what infections are associated with sphingomonas paucimobilis? |
-peritonitis associated with: -chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), septicemia, meningitis, leg ulcer, empyema, & splenic & brain abscesses |
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Alcaligenes species characteristics |
-nonfermenters w/peritrichous flagella -found in water sources -oxidase positive -nonsaccharolytic -obligately aerobic |
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where is A.faecalis (odorans) typically found in? |
-blood samples |
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where can A.xylosoxidans be found? |
-otitis media, meningitis, pneumonia, surgical wound infections, UTIs, peritonitis, bacteremia |
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Alcaligenes alcalingenes & pseudoalcaligenes are both what type of pathogens? |
-opportunistic pathogens |
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A. alcaligenes: |
-inert to carbohydrates -associated with endocarditis & neonatal infections |
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A.pseudoalcaligenes |
-not many carbohydrates oxidized -major isfructose positive: sometimes glucose, xylose, & maltose -associated with pneumonia, post-op knee infections, septicemia & meningitis |
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key idenifications of alcaligenes species |
-oxidase positive -glucose negative -carbohydrate inert -always arginine dihydrolysis positive -pseudos are ADH negative |
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Agrobacterium species are found in |
- soil & water |
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Agrobacterium radiobacter is the only species to |
-infect humans |
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what are some samples that A.radiobacter can be found in? |
sputum, pleural fluid, synovial fluid, urine |
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what test are positive for A. radiobacter? |
Oxidase, H2S, esculin, & urease |
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what is the key identification factor for A.radiobacter |
-production of 3 ketolactone from oxidation of lactose |
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what species are part of Acinetobacter species? |
-A. anitratus -A. Iwoffi -A. haemolyticus -A. baumanii
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characteristics of Acinetobacter species |
-gram negative coccobacillary -oxidase negative -acetate positive |
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A.anitratus |
-glucose positive, other carbohydrate inert |
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A. Iwoffi |
-grows at 41 and 44 C |
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what type of pathogen are Acinetobacter species? |
-opportunistic |
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about how many nosocomial infections do Acinetobacter species account for? |
- 1 to 3% of nosocomial infections |
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what type of infections are caused by Acinetobacter species? |
-UTIs, pneumonia -endocarditis: up to 22% mortality rate -septicemia -meningitis -cellulitis |
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what type of eye infections are caused by Acinetobacter species? |
-endophthalmitis -conjunctivitis -corneal ulcerations |
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what Acinetobacter species is resistant to many antimicrobials? |
-A.baumannii |
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what are the identifying characteristics of Acinetobacter species? |
-coccobacilli -oxidase negative -catalase + -nonmotile -nonfastidious -purple hue on MacConkey agar -grows better at 30C -grows best at pH of 5.5-6.0 |
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Flavobacterium species |
-Indole positive -MAC variable -Oxidase positive -long thin gnb
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F.meningosepticum |
-yellow pigment -acid from glucose, maltose, mannitol, urea -NO3; menigitidis in premature babies |
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nonmotile nonfermenters |
-Bartonella -cardiobacterium -capnocytophaga -streptobacillus |
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Bartonella |
-short, gram negative, aerobic rods -fastidious growth requirements (high CO2) -found in a variety of animal reservoirs -insect vectors have been implicated |
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B.bacilliformis is responsible for what? |
-bartonellosis |
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bartonellosis is an acute febrile illness consisting of 2 stages: |
-Severe anemia (oroya fever) -Chronic cutaneous form (Verruga) |
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Bartonellosis is restricted to what? |
Peru, Ecuador, and columbia |
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what is the vector for bartonellosis? |
-Sandfly (phlebotomus) |
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Severe Anemia Stage (Bartonellosis) |
-sandfly injects the bacteria into the blood stream, where they multiply & penetrate into erythrocytes -RBCs lyse causing anemia
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what does the severe anemia stage end with? |
-ends with the development of humoral immunity |
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Chronic Cutaneous Stage |
-small cutaneous nodules appear over the course of 1-2 months & may persist for months of years |
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B. quintana is the causative agent of what? |
-trench fever -prevalent during world war I -also called 5-day fever |
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what is the vector of B.quintana? |
-human body louse can be vector |
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what is B.quintana associated with? |
-bacillary angiomatosis |
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bacillary angiomatosis is a... |
vascular proliferative disorder in immunocompromised patients -involves skin, subcutaneous tissues, & bones |
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B.quintana |
-fever can recur at 5day intervals -rare cases of endocarditis in homeless, urban alcoholic men |
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what is a vector of bacillary angiomatosis? |
-louse vector |
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what is the causative agent of B.henselae? |
Cat-Scratch Fever |
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Cat-scratch fever |
-benign infection -chronic regional adenopathy of the lymph nodes (local draining) |
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what is the definitive diagnosis for cat scratch fever (B.henselae) |
-based on presentation & serology -cultures are not useful |
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vectors of cat scratch fever |
-up to 50% of U.S cats have antibodies -cat flea may also be a vector -does not respond to antimicrobial therapy |
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characteristics of streptobacillus moniliformis |
-long, thin, gram negative rod that tends to stain poorly -in granules & bulbous swellings, long filaments may be seen |
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what is the causative agent of Rat-Bite Fever? |
streptobacillus moniliformis |
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where is streptobacillus monilformis found? |
-in the nasopharynx of rats & other small rodents |
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Haverhill fever |
-caused by streptobacillus moniliformis -human infection caused from the consumption of contaminated food or water |
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what is the incubation period of haverhill fever? |
2-10 day incubation period |
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what specimens are collected for culturing S.moniliformis? |
-blood and joint fluid |
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culturing S.moniliformis |
-needs enriched media: 15-20% horse blood -slow growing -colonies have fried egg appearance |
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what is the appearance of S.moniliformis in broth? |
-looks like "puffballs" |
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why is S.moniliformis hard to ID? |
-biochemically inert |
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what test should be used for S.moniliformis? |
-serological test for antibodies |
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Characteristics of spirllum minus |
-gram negative -helical -strictly aerobic |
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what can also cause Rat-bite fever (sodoku) |
Spirillum minus |
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clinical signs & symtoms of Rate-bite fever (spirillum minus) |
-similar to that of S.moniliformis disease -except arthritis is rarely seen -swollen lymph nodes are prominent |
