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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three important non-beta lactam antibiotics?
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Vancomycin
Bacitracin Polymyxins Cidal |
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Are non meta lactam antibiotics bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?
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Bacteriocidal
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What is the mechanism of action for Vancomycin & Bacitracin? What about Polymyxins?
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Inhibits second step in cell wall synthesis
Disrupt cell membrane phospholipids |
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Are there concerns with resistance with Vancomycin?
Is it time or concentration dependent? Does it cross the BBB? |
Yes
Both No |
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What is vancomycin active against G/a?
What staph is it used in? |
G+ aerobes and anaerobes
Methicillin resistant staphylococcus |
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How is Bacitracin administered? Why?
What method of delivery is toxic? What bacteria is it effective against? |
Topically
Poorly absorbed orally IV- causes nephrotoxicity G+ |
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Polymyxins are effective against what type of bacteria? How does it interact with endotoxin?
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G-
It binds endotoxins |
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Are polymyxins absorbed well orally?
How are they administered? Nephrotoxic? Which other drug is similar in these qualities? |
No
Topically and orally Yes! Bacitracin |
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What are the fluoroquinolones?
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Norfloxacin
Ciprofloxacin Ofloxacin (ear drops) Enrofloxacin Orbifloxacin Difloxacin Marbofloxacin |
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What is the mechanism of action of the fluoroquinolones? What type of bacteria are they effective against? Are there problems with resistance?
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Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase
G- yes |
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Are the fluoroquinolones concentration or time dependent? What other effect is seen?
What does this mean? |
Concentration
Post AB effect AB will still be effective below the MIC |
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Are fluoroquinolones able to cross the BBB?
What type of bacteria are they effective against? What are they the drug of choice for? |
Yes (intermediate)
G- aerobes UTIs |
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What are the four most important adverse effects of fluoroquinolones?
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1) Causes cartilage erosion in growing animals
2) Lg doses can cause seizures 3) Toxic shock/necrotizing fascitis 4) Enrofloxacin causes concentration dependent retinal damage in cats |
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What are the important aminoglycosides?
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Streptomycin
Neomycin Gentamycin Tobramycin Amikacin |
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Are aminoglycosides bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic?
What is their mechanism of action? What antibiotics are they synergistic with? |
Cidal
Inhibit the 30S ribosome Beta-lactams |
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Are aminoglycosides time or concentration dependent killers? What kind of toxicity do they have?
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Concentration
Nephrogenic- time dependent |
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Do aminioglycosides cross the BBB? What kind of bacteria do they act on G/a?
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No
G- aerobes (also G+) |
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Is amikacin a better aminoglycoside than gentamycin? Which is less nephrotoxic?
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Yes
Amikacin |
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What are the three toxicities associated with aminoglycosides?
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1) Nephrotoxicities
2) Ototoxicity 3) Weak neuromuscular blockage of Ach at nicotinic receptors |
