Nolte Ch3 Gen Organization Of Cns

Front 1

Where does the long axis of the CNS bend?

Back 1

at the cephalic flexure

Front 2

Each cerebral hemisphere contains 5 lobes, what are they?

Back 2

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital and Limbic

Front 3

What do they "contain"
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Limbic

Back 3

Frontal- contains motor areas
Parietal- somatosensory area
Temporal- auditory area (&Limbic)
Occipital- visual area
Limbic- is interconnected with other limbic strxs buried in temporal

Front 4

What does the diencephalon contain (2)? What do they do?

Back 4

Thalamus- conveys info to cerebral cortex.
Hypothalamus- controls ANS

Front 5

Most cranial nerves are attached to the brainstem. Which are attached where?

Back 5

Midbrain - III and IV
Pons - V VI VII VIII
Medulla VIII IX X XI XII

Front 6

Major components of he basal ganglia (3)

Back 6

Caudate nucleus- part of brains learning and memory system
Lenticular nuclei- (see putamen and globus pallidus)

Front 7

Major limbic structures (2)

Back 7

Amygdala - perform a primary role in the processing and memory of emotional reactions
Hippocampus - plays major roles in short term memory and spatial navigation (shaped like bananna, impt in Alzheimers

Front 8

The 2 parts of the lenticular nuclei

Back 8

Putamen - plays a role in reinforcement learning
Globus Pallidus - prefilters external stimuli

Front 9

Each side of the Cerebellum receives information about the

Back 9

ipsilateral side of the body.

Front 10

Which of the following cross the midline in the thalamus?
Lower Motor Neurons, Somatosensory Pathways

Back 10

Somatosensory Pathways

Front 11

True or False
Corticospinal axons cross the midline.

Back 11

True

Front 12

The meaning of what two terms changes by 80 degrees at the midbrain diencephalon jx (consequence of cephalic flexure)?

Back 12

Dorsal & Ventral

Ex ventral surface of diencephalon is also its inferior surface.

Front 13

What parts of the brainstem are continuous with the diencephalon vs the spinal cord?

Back 13

Midbrain -> diencephalon
Pons and medulla -> spinal cord

Front 14

Nervous system develops from

Back 14

neuroectodermal tube, which persists as ventricles in adults.

Front 15

What is the flow path of CSF?

Back 15

Third ventricle, Lateral ventricle,
Interventricular foramen (Monro),
Cerebral aqueduct (Sylvius),
Fourth ventricle, Central canal

Front 16

Particularly deep sulcus are often called

Back 16

fissures

Front 17

What cortex is buried inside of the lateral sulcus? (overlies the site where telencephalon and diencephalon fuse during embryological dev)

Back 17

Insula

Front 18

The precentral gyrus, sup, mid, and inferior frontal gyri make up the:

Back 18

Frontal lobe

Front 19

The precentral gyrus is anterior to the

Back 19

central sulcus.

Front 20

What are the three parts of the inferior frontal gyrus?

Back 20

Orbital
Triangular
Opercular

Front 21

What can be found on the inferior side of the frontal lobe (3)

Back 21

Gyrus rectus
Orbital Gyri
Olfactory Sulcus

Front 22

What are the four general functional areas of the frontal lobe?

Back 22

Primary motor cortex
Premotor/supplementary motor area
Broca's area
Prefrontal cortex

Front 23

Contains many of the cells of origin of descending motor pathways and is involved in the initiation of voluntary movements.

Back 23

Primary mortor cortex

Front 24

Occupy part of precentral gyrus, functionally related to the initiation of voluntary movements.

Back 24

Premotor/Supplementary Motor Area

Front 25

Opercular and triangular parts of inferior frontal gyrus of one hemisphere (typically left). Important in the production of written and spoken language.

Back 25

Broca's Area

Front 26

Involved in "executive fxs" including personality, insight and foresight.

Back 26

Prefrontal Cortex

Front 27

Three general functions of the parietal lobe

Back 27

1 Cortical processing and tactile and proprioceptive information
2 Comprehension of language
3 Spatial orientation and directing attention

Front 28

What are the three areas of the pariietal lobe?

Back 28

Postcentral gyrus
Superior & Inferior parietal lobules

Front 29

Posterior to the central sulcus and parallel to it, extending to the postcentral sulcus

Back 29

Postcentral gyrus

Front 30

Composed of the supramarginal gyrus, which caps the upturned end of the lateral sulcus, and the angular gyrus, which similarly caps the superior temporal sulcus.

Back 30

Inferior parietal lobule

Front 31

Postcentral gyrus corresponds to
What is it concerned with:

Back 31

Primary somatosensory cortex
Initial cortical processing of tactile and proprioceptive information.

Front 32

Much of the parietal lobule of one hemisphere (usually the left) together with portions of the temporal lobe is involved in the

Back 32

comprehension of language

Front 33

A minor role of the parietal cortex has to do with the complex aspects of

Back 33

spatial orientation and directing attention.

Front 34

4 parts of temporal lobe

Back 34

(Lateral Surface) Superior, middle, & Inferior temporal gyri and the (Inferior surface) Occipitotemporal (fusiform) gyrus

Front 35

Part of the superior surface of the ___________ lobe, continuing as a small area of the superior temporal gyrus, is the primary auditory cortex.

Back 35

Temporal

Front 36

Wernicke's Area

Back 36

Posterior portion of the sup temp gyrus on 1 hemisphere, important in comprehension of language

Front 37

Much of the temporal lobe, particularly the inferior surface, is involved in higher-order processing of _________ information.

Back 37

Visual

Front 38

The most complex part of the temporal lobe is involved in the complex aspects of __________ and __________.

Back 38

Learning and memory

Front 39

______ __________ __________ is contianed in the walls of the calcarine sulcus and a bit of the surrounding cortex.

Back 39

Primary visual cortex

Front 40

Cingulate and parahippocampal gyri make up the majority of the _______ lobe.

Back 40

Limbic

Front 41

The ________ __________ is important in emotional responses, drive-related behavior, and memory.

Back 41

Limbic System

Front 42

The four divisions of the ___________ are the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus. Which one cannot be seen on a hemisected brain?
Which one comprises the midline pineal gland?

Back 42

Diencephalon
Subthalamus
Epithalamus

Front 43

Posteriorly, the thalamus protrudes over the most superior portion of the ____________. Anteriorly it abuts the interventricular foramen.

Back 43

brainstem

Front 44

Which cranial nerves emerge laterally near the cerebellum at the caudal edge of the pons? What is this area called?

Back 44

CN VII & VIII
Cerebellopontine angle

Front 45

Common site of tumor development, particularly tumors of the Schwann cells of CN VII

Back 45

Cerebellopontine angle

Front 46

Parts (3) of the cerebellum, location and fx

Back 46

Anterior lobe- anterior to primary fissure. Recieves afferent input from spinal cord; role in coordinating trunk and limb movement.
Flocculonodular lobe- near CN VIII, recieves afferent inputs from the vestibular system and is involved in controlling eye mvmts and postural adjustments to gravity.
Posterior Lobe- post to primary fissure, receives most of the afferent input from cerebraal cortex, role in voluntary movement.

Front 47

Because cerebellar outputs are directed towared motor cortex (via the thalamus), cerebellar damage causes problems with ______ but not with _______.

Back 47

problems with movement but not with sensation.

Front 48

Each side of the cerebellum _________ affects movements of the Ipsilateral Side of the body.

Back 48

indirectly

Front 49

The basal ganglia of one side indirectly affect movements of the __________ side of the body.

Back 49

Contralateral