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39 Cards in this Set
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Heavenly bodies such as the sun |
Cosmic |
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(C-14) |
Carbon |
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(K-14) |
Potassium |
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term that is given to any atomic species characterized by the number of protons and neutrons |
Nuclides |
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First to describe atoms |
Greeks |
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This led to his conclusion that the atoms were mostly empty space and that it is like the solar system |
Ernest Rutherford |
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Discovered by James Chadwick |
Neutron |
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Nuclides with the same number of protons |
Isotopes |
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Nuclides with the same number of neutrons |
Isotones |
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Nuclides with the same atomic mass number |
Isobars |
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same number of protons, neutrons, and atomic mass but with different energies |
Isomers |
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antiparticles of neutrinothat has the same mass but different charge |
Antineutrino |
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Proton deficiency may result to a negative beta particle or negatron |
Beta Decay |
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charge will remain as negative |
positron |
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doubly positive |
Alpha particles |
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number of nuclear transformations per unit time |
Activity |
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Certain time that will reduce the activity half to the initial |
Half-Life |
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This term is used if the radioactive material is inside the body of the person- Reducing the remaining radioactivity inside the body of the patient to half of the initial- Can be dependent on the patient |
Biological Half-life |
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Takes into consideration both biologic and physical half-life |
Effective Half-life |
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is the amount of charges produced by anyone that exhibitsthe sign of radiation when it passes mass of air |
Exposure |
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Number of ion pair produced per unit distancetravelled by a certain type of radiation in a certain medium |
Specific Ionization |
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Maximum distance that a certain type of radiation can travel in a certain mediumbefore losing all its energy |
Range |
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Secondary form of radiation- Happens when an electron is accelerated to another electron causing a repulsion |
Bremsstrahlung |
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“Photoelectric absorption” |
Photoelectric Effect |
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“all or nothing” process |
Photoelectric Effect |
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high energy interacts with outer electron |
Compton Scattering |
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low energy photon interacts with an inner electron a |
Photoelectric Effect |
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high energy incident photon |
1.022MeV) |
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Most common halide used is Bromine |
Silver bromide |
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Film bridge advantage |
1. Inexpensive2. Portable3. Not sensitive to mechanical shock |
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Disadvantages of film bridge |
1. Has limited area2. Sensitive to environmental conditions such as light |
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Anong crystals na ginagamit sa scintillation |
Either organic or inorganic crystal, |
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most commonly used inorganic crystal in Nuclear Medicine |
Sodium Iodide |
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easily stopped by any material |
Alpha |
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Easily stopped by low density material |
Beta |
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discovered radioactivity, |
Henry Becquerel |
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state which exists when everyradionuclide of a series is decaying at thesame rate at which it is being produced |
Radioactive Equilibrium |
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is reached in ~4daughter half-lives |
Transient Equilibrium |
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is reached in ~6half-lives of daughter |
Secular Equilibrium |