Nmdf211 Final Exam Part 2

Front 1

Name 3 types of ecosanoids?

Back 1

prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes

Front 2

What is their main function?

Back 2

inflammation

Front 3

Name 2 other functions these perform?

Back 3

increase water and sodium excretion and regulate smooth muscle
contraction

Front 4

Name 2 enzymes which participate in the conversion of arachidonic acid?

Back 4

cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase

Front 5

Name 2 end products of arachidonic acid via cyclooxygenase pathway?

Back 5

thromboxane A2, prostaglandin E2, Fe and D2 and prostacyclin PGI2

Front 6

Name 3 arachadonic acid inhibitors?

Back 6

Vitamin E, EPA, DHA, ginger

Front 7

Name 2 prostaglandin series 2 inhibitors?

Back 7

bromelain, CLA conjugated linoleic acid, DGLA dihomo gamma-linoleic
acid

Front 8

Name 2 detrimental effects of excessive thromboxane A2?

Back 8

atherosclerosis, hypertension, thrombosis and increased platelet
aggregation
.

Front 9

List 3 substances which inhibit thromboxane A2?

Back 9

EPA, ginger, aspirin, green tea, turmeric, garlic and onion

Front 10

Fish oils are said to be effective in both acute and chronic inflammation, explain
the mechanism of action they use to achieve this?

Back 10

fish oils EPA/DHA go into the cell membrane, increase anti-inflammatory
markers such as PGE1 and PGE3 and down regulates inflammatory
markers such a s prostacyclins, PGE2 and thromboxanes

Front 11

What is the name of the flavor enhancer used in Chinese restaurants?

Back 11

MSG

Front 12

Glycoalkaloids is a natural food toxin found in which food?

Back 12

potatoes

Front 13

Aflatoxin B-1 is a mould which can be found in which food?

Back 13

peanuts

Front 14

Salmonella bacteria can be found in which foods?

Back 14

eggs, chicken and milk

Front 15

Name 3 foods naturally high in nitrates?

Back 15

potatoes, celery, bananas, lettuce, cabbage, strawberries, spinach

Front 16

How can this substance cause problems in the body?

Back 16

they can oxidize iron in haemoglobin which reduces its oxygen capacity

Front 17

The main virus which can be found in contaminated water and causes fever,
weakness and jaundice is

Back 17

hepatitis A

Front 18

Which protozoa can be passed onto humans from infected cats feaces from them
eating raw meats?

Back 18

toxoplasmosis

Front 19

Which is the most common bleaching agent added to foods such as flours?

Back 19

chlorine dioxide

Front 20

List four things to aid in the prevention of food contamination?

Back 20

Hygiene – clean and wash hands and surfaces often
Separate – don’t cross contaminate
Cook at proper temperatures
Chill food properly

Front 21

List 4 general symptoms of food poisoning?

Back 21

loss of appetite, stomach pains, diarrhea, gastroenteritis, fever, nausea,
vomiting

Front 22

Name 3 foods which may prevent food poisoning?

Back 22

green tea, licorice, cumin seeds, garlic, onions, lipoic acid, grapefruit
extract

Front 23

List 5 dietary suggestions to aid additive and toxin clearance from the body?

Back 23

drink at least2-3L of water per day
eat lots of fresh fruits and vegetables
drink fresh vegetable juices
avoid alcohol and caffeine
stop smoking
eat whole foods as much as possible drink whey protein to aid amino acid intake
decrease meat/ animal protein
eat good fats
avoid any food allergies or intolerances
consume garlic, ginger and turmeric to aid detoxification

Front 24

List 2 pathology tests which could give an indication of inflammation?

Back 24

ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate
CRP C-reactive protein

Front 25

Which blood test can indicate coeliac’s disease?

Back 25

serum IgE/IgA antigliadin antibodies

Front 26

Which tests can indicate liver damage?

Back 26

AST, ALT and urea

Front 27

A low urea concentration in a blood test indicates?

Back 27

dietary protein deprivation

Front 28

What can high levels of white blood cells indicate?

Back 28

infection

Front 29

What can elevated levels of serum IgE indicate?

Back 29

possible allergy or parasitic infection

Front 30

A low MCV mean cell volume is caused by?

Back 30

microcytosis or small red blood cells in iron deficiency

Front 31

A high MCV is caused by?

Back 31

macrocytosis or large red blood cells in folate and B12 deficiency

Front 32

What is the optimal range for a urea creatinine ratio?

Back 32

70-90

Front 33

What does anything over or under this range indicate?

Back 33

protein deprivation