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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Consolidation?
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INFECTION
Bacterial Pneumonia PCP Pneumonia (Ground Glass) BOOP (Migratory, Peripheral) Viral Pneumonia (Influenza, Varicella, CMV) TB Septic Emboli (Multifocal, Usually Peripheral, 50% Cavitate) Aspiration EDEMA Pulmonary Edema (Central “Bat Wing” in Hydrostatic Edema) BLOOD Pulmonary Hemorrhage (Central) TUMOR Bronchoalveolar Carcinoma (Can Have Air Bronchograms) Lymphoma (Can Have Air Bronchograms) OTHER Infarction (Peripheral, “Hampton’s Hump”) Eosinophilic Pneumonia (Fleeting, Peripheral) UIP Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Radiation Pneumonitis Alveolar Proteinosis Sarcoidosis Drug Reactions (Amiodarone Toxicity = High Attenuation Consolidation) ARDS |
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Numerous Calcified Lung Nodules?
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Mets (Medullary Thyroid, Mucinous, Osteogenic, Leiomyosarcoma)
Prior Varicella Pneumonia (Miliary) Histo, TB, (Cocci does not usually calcify) Hamartomas LESS LIKELY Parasites (Schistosomiasis) Silicosis Alveolar Microlithiasis |
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Cavitary Lesion in the Lungs?
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"Send Me To France Running Wildly"
Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Septic Emboli, Sarcoid Mets TB (Apical and Posterior Upper Lobes) Fungal (Cocci, Nocardia, Aspergillosis) Rheumatoid Wegeners Granulomatosis Other Infections (Staph, Klebsiella) |
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Cysts in the Lungs?
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Pneumatocele (PCP, Trauma, Infection)
Bleb (near visceral pleura)/ Bulla (in lung, See Right) Cystic Bronchiectasis (“Signet Ring”) Congenital Cysts Echinococcus /Hydatid Cyst Papillomatosis (Nodule in Cyst) Treated Mets MULTIPLE Eosinophilic Granuloma (Nodules, Upper Lobes, Irregular Cysts) Lymphangiomyomatosis (Diffuse Uniform Cysts) NOT TRUE CYSTS Emphysema (Upper)/ Alpha-1 Antitrypsen (Lower) |
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Solid Lung Nodule (< 3 cm)/ Mass (> 3 cm)?
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Carcinoma (Squamous, Adeno, Small Cell, Large Cell)
Granuloma (TB, Fungal) Hamartoma Carcinoid (Associated with Bronchus, Can Have Chunky Calcifications) Lymphoma Mets – Solitary (Colon, Breast, Head & Neck) ELONGATED OPACITY Mucoid Impaction Bronchial Atresia/ Obstruction ABPA (Central) AVM (Multiple in Osler-Weber-Rendu and Hepato-Pulmonary Syndrome) LESS LIKELY Rounded Atelectasis (Asbestos Exposure, “Comet Tail” Appearance) Bronchogenic Cyst (Commonly Subcarinal and Right Paratracheal) Castlemans Dz |
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Multiple Nodules?
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Mets (Seminoma, Melanoma, Choriocarcinoma, Renal, Osteosarcoma,
Thyroid, Breast, Lung, Leiomyosarcoma) Infectious Fungal/ Granulomatous Dz (TB, Cocci, Aspergillus, Histo) Noninfectious Granulomatous Dz (Sarcoid, Rheumatoid, Silicosis, Wegener’s) Septic Emboli Lymphoma Kaposi’s Sarcoma |
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Primary Bullous Lung Disease?
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Familial
Vanishing Lung Disease Marfan’s/ Ehlar’s-Danlos IV Drug Use HIV Infection |
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Chronic Alveolar Lung Dz?
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"STAAL"
Sarcoid TB Alveolar Proteinosis Alveolar Carcinoma Lymphoma |
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Miliary Pattern?
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Hematogenous Miliary Infection (TB, Cocci, Histo, Crypto)
Hematogenous Mets (Thyroid, Melanoma, Breast) Varicella Pneumonia EG Bronchoalveolar Carcinoma Silicosis Sarcoidosis LIP (In Children) |
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Septal thickening
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Interstitial pulmonary edema
Lymphangitic spread of carcinoma sarcoidosis lymphoma alveolar proteinosis infections asbestosis silicosis |
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Honeycombing
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IPF
Scleroderma RA Asbestosis End-stage hypersensitivity pneumonitis Drug reactions End stage sarcoidosis |
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Air filled cystic lesions
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Honeycombing
Lung cysts Emphysema Bronchiectasis Air trapping Mosaic perfusion |
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Lung cysts
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LAM
EG Thin walled neoplasm Cystic bronchiectasis PCP Bulla |
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Bronchiectasis
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Prolonged chronic inflammation
CF Prior infection Chronic infection APBA Kartagener's Relapsing polychondritis |
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Air trapping
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Bronchiolitis obliterans
Asthma Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Viral bronchiolitis |
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Mosaic perfusion
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Bronchial disease
vascular |
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Crazy paving
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Alveolar proteinosis
Infection Edema Hemorrhage Sarcoid |
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Progressive fibrosis with fibrous masses
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Sarcoidosis
Silicosis Coal Worker's penumoconiosis TB Talcosis |
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Perilymphatic nodules
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Sarcoidosis
Lymphangitic spread of cancer silicosis coal worker's pneumoconiosis LIP in AIDS Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS |
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Random nodules
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Hematogenous mets
Miliary TB Miliary fungal infections |
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Centrilobular nodules without tree-in-bud
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Endobronchial spread of infection (TB,MAC)
Noninfectious inflammatory disease (BOOP/COP, RB-ILD, Histiocytosis, Subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis) BAC Vascular and perivascular disease (edema, vasculitis, talcosis) |
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Centrilobular nodules with tree-in-bud
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Endobronchial spread of infection (TB,MAI)
Airways disease associated with infection (CF, bronchiectasis) Mucus retention (ABPA, asthma) |
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Ground glass opacity
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Pulmonary edema
Infection (PCP, viral) Hemorrhage Cells (lymphoma, BAC) DIP, IPF Drugs (amioderone) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis ("Head cheese") Alveolar proteinosis (crazy paving) Exogenous lipoid pneumonia |
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Hyperlucent lung
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Unilateral bullous disease
PE Endobronchial lesion Bronchial atreasia PTx Sweyer-James Congenital (CLE, CCAM, Scimitar) Pulmonary artery hypoplasia/agenesis Poland's syndrome |
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Large lung
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Tension PTx
Foreign body with air trapping CLE CCAM |
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Small lung
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Sweyer-James
Pulmonary artery hypoplasia/agenesis Scimitar |
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Lung atelectasis/collapse - bronchus
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Extrensic mass
Mucoid impaction Foreign body Mucosal or mural mass Endoluminal granulomas ABPA |
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Tracheal tumors
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Squamous cell
Adenoid cystic/Mucoepidermoid ca Carcinoid Hamartoma Papilloma Chondroma/Chondrosarcoma Lymphoma Mets |
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Tracheal Narrowing
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STARS
Saber-Sheath trachea Tracheopathia Osteochondroplastica Tracheomalacia Amyloid Relapsing polychondritis Sarcoidosis Post-Traumatic |
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Increased tracheal diameter
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Tracheobronchomegaly (Mounier-Kuhn disease)
Pulmonary fibrosis Tracheomalacia Saber Sheath Trachea |
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Upper lober interstitial disease
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CASSET-P
CF Ankylosising Spondylitis Silicosis Sarcoidosis EG TB PSP |
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Lower Lobe interstitial disease
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ECLAID
Edema Collagen vascular disease Lymphangitic spread of tumor Asbestosis UIP, DIP Drugs |
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Intense enhancing mediastinal mass
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Mediastinal goiter
Hemangioma Castlemen disease Paraganglioma Vascular |
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Cystic mediastinal mass
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Congenital cysts
Lateral meningoceles Cystic thymoma/thymic cyst Lymphangioma/Cystic Hygroma |
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Fatty mediastinal mass
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Mediastinal lipomatosis
Thymolipoma Mature teratoma Hernia Lipoma/Liposarcoma |
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Superior mediastinum
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Mediastinal goiter
Aneurysm Lymphadenopathy |
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Anterior mediastinal mass
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Thymus
Thymoma Invasive thymoma Thymic carcinoma Thymolipoma Thymic cyst Thymic carcinoid Germ Cell Neoplasm Mature teratoma Seminoma Non-seminomatous germ cell neoplasm Lymphadenopathy Hodgkin's NHL Castleman's Vascular lesions Aneurysm Pseudoaneurysm |
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3 masses that sit on anterior hemidiaphragm
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Pericardial cyst
Morgagni hernia Thymolipoma |
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Middle mediastinal mass
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Lymph node mass
Vascular lesion Hiatal hernia Foregut cyst Cardiophrenic angle mass Carcinoma Fibrosing Mediastinitis |
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Posterior mediastinal mass
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Neurogenic tumor
Vertebral lesion Lymphoma Esophageal disease Aneurysm Neurenteric cyst Lateral thoracic menigocele Extramedullary hematopoiesis Pancreatic pseudocyst Bochdalek's hernia |
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Causes of SVC syndrome
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Fibrosing mediastinitis
Tumor Adenopathy Iatrogenic |
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Mediastinal Adenopathy
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Lymphoma
Low density nodes: TB in AIDs Necrotic nodes High density nodes: Castleman's disease Vascular mets Kaposi's sarcoma Anthrax Calcified nodes: TB Histo Sarcoidosis Silicosis ("Eggshell") Treated Lymphoma |
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Calcified pleura
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TB
Abestos related plaque Prior empyema or hemothorax Talc |
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Pleural based mass
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Mesothelioma
Sub-pleural spread of primary adenocarcinoma Sub-pleuarl spread of metastatic adenocarcinoma Invasive thymoma Empyema |
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Acquired heart disease with small heart
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Aortic stenosis (small heart)
Mitral stenosis (Large LA+PVH) Arterial HTN Acute MI Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Constrictive pericarditis |
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Acquired heart disease with large heart
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Aortic regurgitation (Large Aorta + LV)
Mitral regurgitation (Large LA, LV + PVH) Tricuspid regurgitation (Large RA) Dilated cardiomyopathy Ischemic cardiomyopathy Pericardial effusion High output states Shunt |
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Calcified pericardium
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True aneurysm
False aneurysm TB Histo Prior hemopericardium |
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Bump in region of LA appendage
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Rheumatic heart disease
Congenital absence of pericardium Pulmonary artery enlargement Lymph nodes Lung carcdinoma |
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Isolated pleural effusion
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TB
Parapneumonic Lymphoma Carcinoma Collagen vascular disease Subpulmonic disease |
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Lung transplant complications
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Acute
Reperfusion edema Acute rejection Chronic Infection Chronic rejection |
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Causes of pulmonary venous hypertension
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Valvular heart disease (mitral stenosis > mitral regurgitation)
Left ventricular dysfunction (cardiomyopathy, ischemia) Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease Mediastinal fibrosis Pulmonary vein stenosis Atrial tumor Cor triatriatum |
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Grades of Pulmonary venous hypertension
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Grade 1: Vascular redistribution (PCWP >15)
Grade 2: Interstitial edema (PCWP >25) Grade 3: Alveolar edema (PCWP >35) |
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Bilateral pulmonary edema
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Cardiogenic:
LV failure from CAD Mitral regurgitation Ruptured chordae Acute MI Renal: Renal failure Volume overload Lung injury: Drowning Inhalation Neurogenic shock Asphyxia Upper airway obstruction High altitude |
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Unilateral pulmonary edema
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Gravitational
Emphysema Unilateral pulmonary artery occlusion Unilateral pulmonary venous occlustion Re-expansion of a downed lung |
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Pulmonary arterial enlargement
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Primary PAH
Secondary PAH Post-stenotic jet from pulmonic valve stenosis (Left) Takayasu disease Associated with CHD |
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Causes of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
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Pre-capillary:
Primary pulmonary HTN Emboli Vasculitis L to R Shunt Hypoxia Capillary: Emphysema FIbrotic or interstitial lung disease Post-capillary: Valvular heart disease (Mitral stenosis > mitral regurgitation) Left ventricular dysfunction Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease Mediastinal fibrosis Pulmonary vein stenosis Cor Triatriatum Atrial Tumor |
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Causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension
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Shunt
Left heart: Valvular heart disease Left ventricular dysfunction Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease Mediastinal fibrosis Pulmonary vein stenosis Cor Triatriatum Atrial Tumor Lung Emphysema Fibrotic or interstitial lung disease Emboli Vasculitis Hypoxia Primary pulmonary HTN |
